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Presented by
Guide
R NARENDER
PROF SB BORGHATTE
Presentation Outline
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Estimation of loads on the structure
4. Estimating pile length
5.Estimation of pile capacity
6. Estimation of bearing capacity of group piles
Introduction
When the upper soil layer(s) is (are) highly compressible and too weak to support the load transmitted by the
superstructure, piles are used to transmit the load to underlying bedrocks or a stronger soil layer.
When bedrock is not encountered at a reasonable depth below the ground surface, piles are used to transmit the
structural load to the soil gradually
In many cases, expansive and collapsible soils may be present at the site of a proposed structure
Expansive soils swell and shrink as the moisture content increases and decreases, and the swelling pressure of
such soils can be considerable
If shallow foundations are used in such circumstances, the structure may suffer considerable damage
A sudden decrease in the void ratio of soil induces large settlements of structures supported by shallow
foundations. In such cases, piles foundations may be used in which piles are extended into stable soil layers
beyond the zone of possible moisture change.
Objective
As a case study, a model of a typical multi storied residential building is considered and the seismic action on
it is determined for the different seismic zones in India and the different ground types
The procedures, as per IS 1893 is followed to estimate the seismic loads on the structure
Among different foundation loads the maximum loaded foundation was considered for the foundation design
For an efficient seismic design of the foundation, it is important to estimate the loads that are being
transferred to the foundation during an earthquake
The methods proposed by the Indian standard (IS 1893) reviewed and used to estimate the seismic loads
As a case study, to estimate the seismic loads that act on a structure during an earthquake, a typical multistoried building (G + 20) frame model is considered
The modelling of the building without the staircase was done in the computer program SAP2000 with the
assumed geometry and material properties
Grade of Concrete: M3O
Grade of Steel: Fe415
Column Grid no
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Critical Loads
(F1) max =150.18 kN
(F2) max = 135.518 kN
(F3) max = 6235.732 kN
Critical moments
(M1)
max
= 306.8276 kN-m
(M2)
max
= 395.0617 kN-m
(M3)
max
= 0.1379 kN-m
piles can be divided into three major categories, depending on their lengths and the mechanisms of load transfer
to the soil:
(a) point bearing piles
(b) friction piles
(c) compaction piles
point bearing piles:
If soil-boring records establish the presence of bedrocks or rocklike material at a site within a reasonable depth,
piles can be extended to the rock surface
Fig (a) and (b) Point bearing piles; (c) friction piles
Q= Q
u
+ Qs
Where
Qp = load carried at the pile point
Qs = load carried by skin friction developed at the side of the pile (caused by shearing resistance between the
soil and the pile)
If Qs is very small,
Qu Qp
In this case, the required pile length maybe estimated accurately if proper subsoil exploration records are
available
Friction Piles
When no layer of rock or rocklike material is present at a reasonable depth at a site, point bearing piles
become very long and uneconomical
Qu Qs
These piles are called friction piles because most of the resistance is derived from skin friction
The length of friction of piles depends on the shear strength of the soil, the applied load and the pile size
Compaction Piles
Under certain circumstances, piles are driven in granular soils to achieve proper compaction of soil close to
the ground surface
The length of compaction piles depends on factors such as
(a) Relative density of the soil before compaction,
(b) Desired relative density of the soil after compaction, and
(c) Required depth of compaction
The ultimate load-carrying of a pile is given by a simple equation as the sum of the load carried at the pile point plus
the total frictional resistance (skin friction) derived from the soil-pile interface
Qu = Qp + Qs
Method 1- Static Formula
the load carrying capacity of precast pile of size 500X500 with chamfer 25mm at corner, the length of pile is
15m
Total
bearing capacity
Dynamic formulae explains the use of pile driving to estimate ultimate capacity of piles
dynamic formulae are normally applicable only for point bearing piles in cohesion less soils
2.5d
2.0d
Friction piles
3.0d
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