Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Two types:
a)Non-conventional
b)Conventional
a)Non-Conventional Sources; are available free of
cost,
Pollution-free, inexhaustible
Eg- geothermal, wave power, wind, tidal, solar,
MHD(megneto hydro dynamic) generation.
b) Conventional Sources of Energy
Hydropower, steam power ,nuclear , gas plant
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Solar Energy
Solar cell:
History
Chapin and coworkers experimented the conversion
efficiency of Silicon in the mono-crystalline form of s/c
to be about 6%.
After this researches were taking place to improve the
efficiency of the solar cell.
Finally in 1958,the efficiency of the solar cell reached
to be 14 %.
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Solar
Radiation
The sun in one hour gives almost the total same energy that the
gases.
Due to this reaction, the sun behaves like a perfect black
body and the surface temperature of the sun is about 6000 K.
The solar energy that reaches the earths atmosphere is 1367
W/m2 called solar constant.
But, due to variation in distance btn earth and sun over a
year, this constant varies by 3.35%
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Introduction
SPV cells are connected in series and parallel to form
SPV modules.
SPV modules ,after optimal combination form a solar
array.Thats why, solar cells are the basic units of the
SPV array and generate electricity when illuminated.
The o/p of the solar cell varies with operating conditions
like wind speed, tempr, solar radiation, etc.
Mostly use is Silicon solar cell.
First Generation Solar cell Technology-Crystalline silicon
solar cell,20-24% efficient, covers 85-90% market
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Cost:
Generally the solar PV modules cost about NRs
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Battery
Generally, lead acid batteries are used.
The life of battery is about 5 years.
So, to make the SPV system most efficient, its
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Wind Energy
Nepalese Context
Jomsom -20 KW
Hurhure Dhada-5KW*2 wind turbine+2KW local grid,
distributed generation ,for 50 HH, max wind speed -8
km/hr
Researches have taken place in different parts of Nepal
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