Faculty of

Engineering
Dep. Civil
Engineering

Architecture II
Prepared by:Architect Engineer, A/kadir Dahir
A/llahi

Lecture 7, 17 May
2015

Somali Republic
Benadir University

Hospitals design

Classification of hospitals:There are many methods of classification of the

hospitals, such as;
1. According to the level of care:
a. Secondary hospitals; District Hospital and
some of Specific Hospitals.
b. Tertiary hospitals; Central High Specialized
Hospital, Educational Hospital and some of
Specific Hospitals.

2. According to the size

a. Mini size hospital;
b. Mid size hospital;
c. Big hospital;
d. Huge hospital;

of the hospital:
<50 bed.
50-250 beds.
250-500 bed.
>500 bed.

3. According to the size of the medical

specialists:
a. Specialist hospital; pediatric hospital, eye
hospital.. etc.
b. General hospital; all medical specialists are
provided.

Elements and divisions of the hospital

The main division of the hospitals are:
1. Administration division.
2. Outpatients division, includes;
Outpatient clinics.
Pharmacy.
Emergency reception.

3. Diagnostic services division, includes;

Laboratories.
Radiology (diagnostic).

4. Therapeutic services division, includes;

Physical Therapy.
Radiology (therapeutic).

5. Internal medical treatment division, includes;

Operation Theatres.
7. General service
Intensive Care unit.
division, includes;
Maternity section.
Kitchen.
Central Sterilization Department. Laundry.
Storages.
6. Inpatient division, includes;
Workshops.
Patient wards.
Mechanical
Nurses wards.
services.
Inpatient services.
Mortuary.
Security.
Parking.
Landscaping.

Design considerations
Method of study:
The study includes:
1. Parts of each division.
2. The functional relationship b/w the parts of each
division.
3. Area of the division. Depending on:
Recommendations and studies of large WHO
experts.
District Hospitals: Guidelines for Development,
World Health Organization, Geneva, 1992.
Recommendations and studies of large World

 Recommendations and studies of the American

architect and planner of health care facilities ( E.

Todd );
Hospital Design and Function, McGraw Hill, New
York, 1964.

1.

Administration division

Parts and components of the division:

Reception hall.
Waiting area.
Registration.
Treasury and Accounts.
Staff offices.
General manager office.
Staff lounge.
Nursing head office.
WCs.

Location:
Very close to main entrance of the hospital.
Entrance area, registration, accounts should face the entrance, while
the manager office should be back for privacy.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
50 bed hospital area = 214 m2
100 bed hospital area = 363 m2
200 bed hospital area = 567 m2
2. World bank estimations (Hopkinson & Kostermans):
50 bed hospital area = 199 m2
100 bed hospital area = 328 m2
200 bed hospital area = 409 m2

Examples for admin department

50 bed hospital , total area = 214 m2

100 bed hospital , total area = 363 m2

200 bed hospital , total area = 576 m2

2. Outpatients division
External Outpatient Clinics:
Parts and components of the division:
Consultation room.
Examination room.
Treatment room.
Waiting area.
Staff room.
WCs.

Location:
Very close to the main entrance of the hospital.
Close to the diagnostic services (labs and x-ray).
Close the pharmacy.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
50 bed hospital area = 215 m 2
100 bed hospital area = 350 m 2
200 bed hospital area = 540 m 2
2. World bank estimations (Hopkinson & Kostermans):
100 bed hospital area = 345 m 2
200 bed hospital area = 505 m 2

Examples for Clinics department

50 bed hospital , total area = 215 m2

100 bed hospital , total area = 305 m2

200 bed hospital , total area = 542 m2

 Emergency reception:
Parts and components of the division:
Entrance + waiting area.
Registration.
Staff room.
Mini-surgery.
Test room.
Medical utilities.
Mini sterilization room.

Location:
Very close to the exit door of the emergency.
Very close to the radiology.
Close to the pharmacy, laboratories, and central
sterilization.
Direct access to the stairs and elevators.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
100 bed hospital area = 100 m2
200 bed hospital area = 215 m2

Examples for Emergency department

100 bed hospital , total area = 100 m2

200 bed hospital , total area = 215 m2

3. Diagnostic services division

Laboratories:
Parts and components of the division:
Work area.
Waiting area.
Sample room.
Cleaning room.
Staff offices.
The most important labs in the hospital are:
Chemical lab.
Bacteriology lab.
Histology lab.
Pathology lab.
Serology lab.
Hematology lab.
Microbiology lab.

 Location:
Very close to the emergency department and external clinics.
Easily accessible from internal division.
Easily accessible from maternity and surgery departments.
Accessibility from central storages.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
50 bed hospital area = 25 m2
100 bed hospital area = 60 m 2
200 bed hospital area = 103 m 2
Or area can be counted by the number of the beds, 0.7-0.8

/ bed.

m2

A. 50 bed hospital.
B. 100 bed hospital.
C. 200 bed hospital.

 Radiology division:
Parts and components of the division:
X-ray rooms.
Control room.
Waiting area.
Staff office.
Utility room.
Dark room.
Film view.
Store.

 Location:
Very close to the emergency department and
external clinics.
Easily accessible from internal division.
Ground floor is preferred.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
50-100 bed hospital area = 65-104 m2
200 bed hospital area = 220-240 m2

Examples for radiology department

100 bed hospital , total area = 155m2

200 bed hospital , total area = 175m2

4. Therapeutic services division

Physical therapy division:
Parts and components of the division:
Waiting area.
Office.
Hydrotherapy.
Exercise room.
WCs.

 Location:

Close to the main entrance of the hospital.

Easy accessible from external clinics.
Easy accessible from internal division.
Must be in the ground floor.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
50-100 bed hospital area = 65-104 m2
200 bed hospital area = 155-225 m2

Examples for physical department

200 bed hospital area = 155 m2

5. Internal medical treatment

division
Operation theatre:
Parts and components of the division:
Entrance.
Storage.
Preparation room.
Access area.
Staff clothes room + WCs.
Operation theatre.
Cleanup room.
Sub sterilizing room.
Supervision room.
Staff lockers.

 Location:
Very close to the intensive care division and should be
touchable both of them.
Very close to the central sterilization division of the
hospital.
Close to the inpatient wards.
Can be easily accessible from the emergency division.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
50 bed hospital area = 185 m2
100 bed hospital area = 360 m2
200 bed hospital area = 550 m2

Examples for operation department

50 bed hospital area = 185 m2

100 bed hospital area = 360 m2

200 bed hospital area = 550 m2

 Intensive care unit:

Parts and components of the division:

I.C.U space.

Location:
Very close to the recovery room in the operation
theatre.
Can be easily accessible from the emergency division
by elevator.
Area of the department:
Must be designed 1-2 % of
hospital beds.

 Maternity division:
Parts and components of the division:
Open room.
20-40 m2
Operation.
26 m2
WCs.
Utilities.
8 m2
Office.
15 m2
Unclean room.
8 m2
Cleanup room.
5 m2
Storage.
10 m2
Waiting area.
10 m2
Corridors
w = 2.2 m

 Central sterilization division:

Parts and components of the division:
Work space.
Receiving area.
Washing area.
Supplies storage.

Location:
Very close to the operation theatre and maternity
division.
Can be easily accessible from the emergency
division, laundry and central storages.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
100 bed hospital area = 65 m2
200 bed hospital area = 110 m2
Or 0.6-0.9 m2/bed, 0.6 m2 for large hospitals and 0.9
m2 for small hospitals.

Examples for central sterilization

department
2

100 bed hospital area = 65 m

200 bed hospital area = 110 m2

6. Inpatient division
Parts and components of the division:
Inpatient wards. 11.5m2/bed 8m2/bed.
WCs.
Nursing station. Not less than 12m2 for 30 patients.
Treatment rooms. 10-15m2 for 60 patients.
Day rooms. 0.7m2/bed and not less than 15m2
Nurses lounge. Not less than 12m2
Storage. 8-12m2
Kitchen. 12m2
Doctor room. 15m2

The most suitable beds in the hospital is 20-40 patient / unit.

ANightingale wardis a type ofhospitalward, which

contains one large room without subdivisions
forpatientoccupancy.
Nightingale wards contain about 24 to 34 beds usually
arranged along the sides of the ward.

7. General service division

Dietary division:
Spaces of the division:
Storage room.
Kitchen.
Preparing and supply area.
Cleaning.

Location:
In the ground floor.
Direct opening to the service entrance.
Area of the department:
1. Rosenfield
100 bed hospital area = 195 m2
200 bed hospital area = 355 m2

Examples for dietary division

100 bed hospital area = 195 m2

200 bed hospital area = 355 m2

Housekeeping division:
Location:
In the ground floor.
Spaces of the division:
Close to central storages.
Office.
Area of the department:
Dirty linen.
1. U.S. Public Health Service
Clean linen.
(USPHS):
Storage.
50 bed hospital area = 150 m2
Laundry.
100 bed hospital area = 180 m2
200 bed hospital area = 270 m2
Mechanical room.

General Storages:
Spaces of the division:
Medicine storage.
Furniture storage.
Food storage.
Utilities storage.
Achieve.
General storages.

Location:
In the ground floor.
Close to housekeeping and dietary division.
Direct access to the service entrance.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
100 bed hospital area = 260 m2
200 bed hospital area = 520 m2
Generally the area of the storages
is 2-2.6m2 /bed.

Mortuary division:
Location:
In the ground floor or basement floor.
Exit from emergency entrance or service entrance.
Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
50 bed hospital area = 25 m2
100 bed hospital area = 45 m2
200 bed hospital area = 70 m2

 Maintenance workshops:
Location:
In the ground floor or basement floor.
Direct relation with service entrance.
Area of the department:
1. WHO experts:
50 bed hospital area = 65 m2
100 bed hospital area = 90 m2

Entrances and circulation

Entrances:
Patient visitors entrance.
External clinics entrance.
Emergency entrance.
Service entrance.
Mortuary entrance.