Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Instructional Objectives
Calculate the IPR for oil wells
Calculate the IPR for gas wells
Reservoir Capabilities
Darcys Law
Liquid flow in Laminar Flow through a
permeable medium is described by
Darcys Law
7.08 X 10 k h p p wf
q
re
0.75 s
o Bo ln
r
w
Reservoir Capabilities
s = Skin Factor (dimensionless)
ra
s
1 ln
rw
ka
Productivity Index
A common indicator of liquid
reservoir behavior is PI or
productivity index
q
STB / D / psi
J
p p wf
7.08 X 10 k h
J
re
0.75
o Bo ln
rw
Calculating Flowrate
Using PI, we can calculate flowrate,
q, quickly and easily from
q J (p p wf )
Exercise 1
Given reservoir parameters:
k
h
o
Bo
= 30 md
= 40 ft
= 0.5 cp
=
1.2 RB/STB
Exercise 1
Calculate:
J for re = 1,000 ft
q for a drawdownp( p wf
) of 750 psi
Multiphase Flow
Bubblepoint pressure (pb)
Pressure at which first bubble of gas is
released from reservoir oils
Multiphase Flow
Vogels Behavior
IPR Curve - Vogel plotted the data using
the following dimensionless variables
p wf
and
qmax
Vogel Curve
1
0.8
pwf/pr
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
q/qmax
0.8
Multiphase Flow
Mathematical model for Vogels
curve
q
pwf
1 0.2
qmax
p
pwf
0.8
Multiphase Flow
Mathematical relationship between
Vogel (qmax) and Darcy (AOF)
AOF J p
qmax
1 .8
1 .8
0.8
pwf/pr
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
q/qmax
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Exercise 2
Reservoir parameters:
p = 2,350 psia
k
h
=
=
140 md
35 ft
= 0.8 cp
Bo
= 1.25 rbbl/STB
re
= 2,000 ft
rw
= 0.411 ft
pb
= 3,000 psia
= 2
Exercise 2
Calculate J
Calculate qmax
Construct IPR curve
Multiphase Flow
Combination Darcy/Vogel
p
Co
ns
ta
nt
J
Pressure
pb
Vo
ge
l
pwf
Be
ha
vi
or
J pb
qb
qmax
1.8
O
O
Rate
Multiphase Flow
How to find qmax:
qb J p pb
for p pb then :
q qb qmax qb
J pb
qmax qb
1.8
pwf
pwf
0.8
1 0 .2
pb
pb
2
Gas Reservoirs
Pseudosteady State
The behavior of gas flowing in laminar
flow through a porous medium
(Darcys Law)
7.03X10
2
2
k h p p wf
re
g T z ln
rw
0.75 s
pwfs, psia
q, Mscf/day
7.03 x 10 4 kh pp p pp p wf
q
re
0.75 s
T ln
rw
and
p
p
pp p 2
dp
p z
o
Exercise 3
Plot the IPR Curve
Given the following data and using the
pressure squared relationship:
k
h
re
rw
=
=
=
=
100 md
20 ft
1,500 ft
0.33 ft
s = 0
=g 0.02 cp
T
z
=
p
=
g
= 610R
0.9
4,000 psig
= 0.65
2
2
p wf aq bq
Definitions
re
0.75
1.424 x10 g z T ln
rw
kh
3
3.16 x10 12 g T z
hp2 rw
Determination of h
hp
h
hp
a a 4b p
2b
2
p wf
a a 4bp
AOF
2b
p wf p b q a q
Exercise 4
Calculate the IPR curve for
hp = 20 ft and
hp = 10 ft with the data in notes
948 c t re
t stab
k
Exercise 5
Oil Well Stabilization Time
Find tstab with the following data
o
ct
re
=
=
=
0.1
0.5 cp
2 X 10-5 psi-1
= 1,500 ft
Exercise 6
Gas Well Stabilization Time
Find tstab with the following data
g
ct
re
= 0.1
= 0.02 cp
= 2 X 10-4 psi-1
= 1,500 ft
Transient Flow
pwf
p
t3
k h p p wf
k
t
3.23 0.87 s
log
c r2
o t w
162.6o Bo
1638g T z
k h p 2 p2wf
k
t
3.23 0.87 s
log
c r2
g t w