A Guide to Project

Management

6 Basic Principles to
Project Management

Define the job in detail

Get the right people involved
Estimate the time and costs
Break the job down using the
40-hour rule
Establish a change procedure
Agree on acceptance criteria

Project Management
Framework

Introduction
Project Management Context
Project Management Process

Introduction
What is a Project?
What is Project Management?
Relationship to Other
Management Disciplines
Related Endeavors

What is a Project?

Performed by people
Constrained by limited
resources
Planned, executed and
controlled

What is Project
Management?
Competing demands for:

Scope
Time
Cost
Risk
Quality

Stakeholders with differing needs

and expectations
Identified requirements

Relationship to Other
Management Disciplines
Functional departments and
supporting disciplines
Technical elements
Management specializations
Industry groups

Related Endeavors

Programs
Project portfolio management
Subprojects

Project Management
Context
Project Phases and the Project
Life Cycle
Project Stakeholders
Organizational Influences
Key General Management Skills
Social-Economic-Environmental
Influences

Project Management
Processes

Project Processes
Process Groups
Process Interaction
Customizing Process
Interactions
Mapping of Project Management
Processes

Mapping of Project
Management Process

Process Group

Initiating

Planning

Executing

Controlling

Closing

Knowledge Area
Project Scope
Management
Project Scope
Management
Project Time
Management

Project Plan Development

Initiation

Project Plan Execution

Integrated Change
Control

Scope Planning

Scope Verification

Scope Definition

Scope Change
Control

Activity Definition

Schedule Control

Activity Sequencing
Activity Duration Estimating
Schedule Development

Project Cost
Management

Resource Planning

Cost Control

Cost Estimating
Cost Budgeting

Project Quality
Management

Quality Planning

Quality Assurance

Project Human
Resource Management

Organizational Planning

Team Development

Project
Communications
Management

Communications Planning

Risk Project
Management

Risk Management Planning

Quality Control

Staff Acquisition
Information Distribution

Performance
Reporting

Administrative
Closure

Risk Monitoring and

Control

Risk Identification
Qualitative Risk Analysis
Quantitative Risk Analysis
Risk Response Planning

Project Procurement
Management

Procurement Planning

Solicitation

Solicitation Planning

Source Selection
Contract Administration

Contract Closeout

Project Management
Knowledge Areas

Project
Project
Project
Project
Project
Project
Project
Project
Project

Integration Management
Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resource Management
Communications Management
Risk Management
Procurement Management

Project Integration
Management

Project Plan Development

Project Plan Execution
Integrated Change Control

Project Plan
Development
Inputs

Other planning outputs

Historical information
Organizational policies
Constraints
Assumptions

Tools and Techniques

Project planning
methodology
Stakeholders skills
and knowledge
Project management
information systems
(PMIS)
Earned value
management (EVM)

Outputs

Project plan(s)
Supporting detail

Project Plan Execution

Inputs

Project plan
Supporting detail
Organizational policies
Preventive action
Corrective action

Tools and Techniques

Outputs

General management
skills
Product skills and
knowledge
Work authorization
system
Status review meetings
Project management
information system
Organizational
procedures
Work results
Change requests

Integrated Change
Control
Inputs

Project plan
Performance reports
Change requests

Tools and Techniques

Change control system

Configuration
management
Performance
measurement
Additional planning
Project management
information system

Output

Project plan updates

Corrective action
Lessons learned

Project Scope
Management

Scope
Scope
Scope
Scope
Scope

Initiation
Planning
Definition
Verification
Change Control

Scope Initiation
Inputs
Product description
Strategic plan
Project selection
criteria

Tools and
Techniques
Project selection
methods
Expert judgement

Outputs
Project charter
Project manager
identified/assigned
Constraints
Assumptions

Scope Planning
Inputs

Product description
Project charter
Constraints
Assumptions

Tools and
Techniques

Product analysis
Benefit/cost
analysis
Alternatives
identification
Expert judgement

Outputs

Scope statement
Supporting detail
Scope management
plan

Scope Definition
Inputs

Scope statement
Constraints
Assumptions
Other planning
outputs
Historical
information

Tools and
Techniques

Work breakdown
structure
Decomposition

Outputs

Work breakdown
structure
Scope statement
updates

Scope Verification
Inputs
Work results
Product
documentation
Work breakdown
structure
Scope statement
Project plan

Tools and
Techniques
Inspection

Outputs
Formal
acceptance

Scope Change Control

Inputs

Work breakdown
structure
Performance reports
Change requests
Scope management
plan

Tools and
Techniques

Scope change
control system
Performance
measurement
Additional planning

Outputs

Scope changes
Corrective action
Lessons learned
Adjusted baseline

Project Time
Management

Activity Definition
Activity Sequencing
Activity Duration Estimating
Schedule Development
Schedule Control

Activity Definition
Inputs

Work breakdown
structure
Scope statement
Historical
information
Constraints
Assumptions
Expert
judgement

Tools and
Techniques

Decomposition
Templates

Outputs

Activity list
Supporting detail
Work breakdown
structure
updates

Activity Sequencing
Inputs

Activity list
Product description
Mandatory
dependencies
Discretionary
dependencies
External dependencies
Milestones

Tools and Techniques

Precedence
diagramming methods
(PDM)
Arrow diagramming
method (ADM)
Conditional
diagramming methods
Network templates

Outputs

Project network
diagram
Activity list updates

Activity Duration
Estimating
Inputs

Activity list
Constraints
Assumptions
Resource
requirements
Resource capabilities
Historical information
Identified risks

Tools and Techniques

Expert judgement
Analogous estimating
Quantitatively based
durations
Reserve time
(contingency)

Outputs

Activity duration
estimates
Basis of estimates
Activity list updates

Schedule Development
Inputs

Project network
diagrams
Activity duration
estimates
Resource requirements
Resource pool
description
Calendars
Constraints
Assumptions
Leads and lags
Risk management plan
Activity attributes

Tools and Techniques

Outputs

Mathematical analysis
Duration compression
Simulation
Resource leveling
heuristics
Project management
software
Coding structure
Project schedule
Supporting detail
Schedule management
plan
Resource requirements
updates

Schedule Control
Inputs

Project schedule
Performance reports
Change requests
Schedule management
plan

Tools and Techniques

Schedule change
control system
Performance
measurement
Additional planning
Project management
software
Variance Analysis

Outputs

Schedule updates
Corrective action
Lessons learned

Project Cost
Management

Resource Planning
Cost Estimating
Cost Budgeting
Cost Control

Resource Planning
Inputs

Work breakdown
structure
Historical
information
Scope statement
Resource pool
description
Organization
policies
Activity duration
estimates

Tools and
Techniques

Expert judgement
Alternatives
identification
Project
management
software

Outputs

Resource
requirements

Cost Estimating
Inputs

Work breakdown
structure
Resource
requirements
Resource rates
Activity duration
estimates
Estimating
publications
Historical information
Chart of accounts
Risks

Tools and Techniques

Analogous estimating
Parametric modeling
Bottom-up estimating
Computerized tools
Other cost estimating
methods

Outputs

Cost estimates
Supporting detail
Cost management
plan

Cost Budgeting
Inputs
Cost estimates
Work breakdown
structure
Project schedule
Risk
management
plan

Tools and
Techniques
Cost budgeting
tools and
techniques

Outputs
Cost baseline

Cost Control
Inputs

Cost baseline
Performance reports
Change requests
Cost management plan

Tools and Techniques

Outputs

Cost change control

system
Performance
measurement
Earned value
management (EVM)
Additional planning
Computerized tools

Revised cost estimates

Budget updates
Corrective action
Estimate at completion
Project closeout
Lessons learned

Project Quality
Management

Quality Planning
Quality Assurance
Quality Control

Quality Planning
Inputs

Quality policy
Scope statement
Product description
Standards and
regulations
Other process outputs

Tools and Techniques

Benefit/cost analysis
Benchmarking
Flow-charting
Design of experiments
Cost of quality

Outputs

Quality management
plan
Operational definitions
Checklists
Inputs to other
processes

Quality Assurance
Inputs
Quality
management
plan
Results of
quality control
measurements
Operations
definitions

Tools and
Techniques
Quality planning
tools and
techniques
Quality audits

Outputs
Quality
improvement

Quality Control
In puts

Work results
Quality management
plan
Operational definitions
Checklists

Tools and Techniques

Inspection
Control charts
Pareto Diagrams
Statistical sampling
Flow-charting
Trend analysis

Quality improvements
Acceptance decisions
Rework
Completed checklists
Process adjustments

Outputs

Project Human
Resource Management

Organizational Planning
Staff Acquisition
Team Development

Organizational Planning
Inputs

Project interfaces
Staffing requirements
Constraints

Tools and Techniques

Templates
Human resource
practices
Organizational theory
Stakeholder analysis

Outputs

Role and
responsibilities
assignments
Staffing management
plan
Organization chart
Supporting detail

Staff Acquisition
Inputs

Staffing
management
plan
Staffing pool
description
Recruitment
practices

Tools and
Techniques

Negotiations
Pre-assignment
Procurement

Outputs

Project staff
assigned
Project team
directory

Team Development
Inputs

Project staff
Project plan
Staffing management
plan
Performance reports
External feedback

Tools and Techniques

Team-building
activities
General management
skills
Reward and
recognition systems
Collocation
Training

Outputs

Performance
improvements
Input to performance
appraisals

Project Communications
Management

Communications Planning
Information Distribution
Performance Reporting
Administrative Closure

Communications
Planning
Inputs
Communications
requirements
Communications
technology
Constraints
Assumptions

Tools and
Techniques
Stakeholder
analysis

Outputs
Communications
management
plan

Information Distribution
Inputs

Work results
Communications
management plan
Project plan

Tools and
Techniques

Communications
skills
Information retrieval
systems
Information
distribution methods

Outputs

Project records
Project reports
Project
presentations

Performance Reporting
Inputs

Project plan
Work results
Other project records

Tools and Techniques

Performance reviews
Variance analysis
Trend analysis
Earned value analysis
Information
distribution tools and
techniques

Outputs

Performance reports
Change requests

Administrative Closure
Inputs

Performance
measurement
documentation
Product
documentation
Other project
records

Tools and
Techniques

Performance
reporting tools and
techniques
Project reports
Project
presentations

Outputs

Project archives
Project closure
Lessons learned

Project Risk
Management

Risk Management Planning

Risk Identification
Qualitative Risk Analysis
Quantitative Risk Analysis
Risk Response Planning
Risk Monitoring and Control

Risk Management
Planning
Inputs
Project charter
Organizations risk
management
policies
Defined roles and
responsibilities
Template for the
organizations risk
management plan
Work breakdown
structure

Tools and
Techniques
Planning meeting

Outputs
Risk management
plan

Risk Identification
Tools

Risk management plan

Project planning
outputs
Risk categories
Historical information

Tools and techniques

Documentation review
Information-gathering
techniques
Checklists
Assumptions analysis
Diagramming
techniques

Outputs

Risks
Triggers
Inputs to other
processes

Qualitative Risk
Analysis
Inputs

Risk management plan

Identified risks
Project status
Project type
Data precision
Scales of probability and
impact
Assumptions

Tools and Techniques

Outputs

Risk probability and

impact
Probability/impact risk
rating matrix
Project assumptions
testing
Data precision ranking
Overall risk ranking for
the project
List of prioritized risks
List of risk for additional
analysis and
management
Trends in qualitative risk
analysis results

Quantitative Risk
Analysis
Inputs

Risk management plan

Identified risks
List of prioritized risks
List of risks for
additional analysis
and management
Historical information
Expert judgement
Other planning outputs

Tools and Techniques

Interviewing
Sensitivity analysis
Decision tree analysis
Simulation

Outputs

Prioritized list of
quantified risks
Probabilistic analysis
of the project
Probability of
achieving the cost and
time objectives
Trends in quantitative
risk analysis results

Risk Response Planning

Inputs
Risk management plan
List of prioritized risks
Risk ranking of the project
Prioritized list of quantified
risks
Probabilistic analysis of the
project
Probability of achieving the
cost and time objectives
List of potential responses
Risk thresholds
Risk owners
Common risk causes
Trends in qualitative and
quantitative risk analysis
results

Tools and Techniques

Avoidance
Transference
Mitigation
Acceptance
Outputs
Risk response plan
Residual risks
Secondary risks
Contractual agreements
Contingency reserve
amounts needed
Inputs to other processes
Inputs to a revised
project plan

Risk Monitoring and

Control
Inputs
Risk management plan
Risk response plan
Project
communication
Additional risk
identification and
analysis
Scope changes

Tools and Techniques

Project risk response audits

Periodic project risk reviews
Earned value analysis
Technical performance
measurement
Additional risk response
planning

Outputs

Workaround plans
Corrective action
Project change requests
Updates to the risk response
plan
Risk Database
Updates to risk identification
checklists

Project Procurement
Management

Procurement Planning
Solicitation Planning
Solicitation
Source Selection
Contract Administration
Contract Closeout

Procurement Planning
Inputs

Scope statement
Product description
Procurement
resources
Market conditions
Other planning
outputs
Constraints
Assumptions

Tools and
Techniques

Make-or-buy
analysis Expert
judgement
Contract type
selection

Outputs

Procurement
management plan
Statement(s) of
work

Solicitation Planning
Inputs
Procurement
management plan
Statement(s) of
work
Other planning
outputs

Tools and
Techniques
Standard forms
Expert judgement

Outputs
Procurement
documents
Evaluation criteria
Statement of work
updates

Solicitation
Inputs
Procurement
documents
Qualified seller
lists

Tools and
Techniques
Bidder
conferences
Advertising

Outputs
Proposals

Source Selection
Inputs
Proposals
Evaluation criteria
Organizational
policies

Tools and
Techniques

Contract negotiation
Weighting system
Screening system
Independent
estimates

Outputs
Contract

Contract Administration
Inputs

Contract
Work results
Change requests
Seller invoices

Tools and
Techniques
Contract change
control system
Performance
reporting
Payment system

Outputs
Correspondence
Contract changes
Payment requests

Contract Closeout
Inputs
Contract
documentation

Tools and
Techniques
Procurement
audits

Outputs
Contract file
Formal
acceptance and
closure