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Pollution Of The Ganga
Ganga - Facts
Flow pattern is for a low-flow dry season from January to May and
a wet season from July to November, with peak flows usually
occurring in August.
The waters of the Ganga carry one of the highest sediment loads
anywhere in the world, with a mean annual total of 1.6 billion
tonnes, compared to 0.4 billion tonnes for the Amazon.
Ganga - Facts
Ganga - Problems
Apart of high religious and cultural
significance Ganga in modern times has
been known for being very polluted.
Ganga, has been enlisted on the list of 10
most endangered rivers of the world. The
sand bed in the Ganga is increasing slowly
and the increase is clearly distinguishable
each year.
The extreme pollution of the Ganges affects
400 million people who live close to the river
Ganga - Problems
Non-point
Animal
Defecation
Mass
Mass Bathing
Mass Bathing
Studies conducted by the Central Pollution Control Board show that idol immersion
during festive occasions like Durga Puja is putting "significant stress" on rivers, lakes
and local ponds. Plaster of Paris does not get dissolved fast. Moreover, the chemical
dyes and colours being used to colour the idols contain poisonous elements. Particularly
red, blue, orange and green colours contain mercury, zinc oxide, chromium and lead,
the potential causes of cancer.
Industrial Waste
A systematic classification done by Uttarakhand Environment Protection and Pollution Control
Boards (UEPPCB) on river waters into the categories A: safe for drinking, B: safe for bathing,
C: safe for agriculture, and D: excessive pollution, put the Ganga in D.
Industrial effluents are about 12% of the total volume of effluent reaching
the Ganges. Although a relatively low proportion, they are a cause for
major concern because they are often toxic and non-biodegradable
Industrial Waste
Agricultural Waste
Fertilizer
35% of fertilization takes place in the Ganges basin (Sampat, 1996).
Improper application, such as applying before a rainstorm can lead
to fertilizer runoff. The main risk from fertilizer runoff is the over
production of algae which deoxygenates the water. Leaving less
oxygen for the inhabitants of the water system, crippling the
environmental system.
agricultural Waste
Pesticides
India still uses DDT as an effective and potent pesticide that kills
malaria mosquitoes. A maximum of 10,000 tons of DDT is allowed
to be applied yearly (Abhilash, 2009). Once in the environment it is
nearly impossible to remove, which leads too bioaccumulation as it
is fat soluble. People consuming the ganges water with DDT in it are
at risk for rashes, liver disease, disruption of the endocrine system
and cancer.
80% of the waste in the Ganges basin is sewage (Vass, 2010). Of the
115 facilities studied across India, 45 failed to meet the minimum
treatment required (CPCB, 2005). This means 40% of sewage
treatment plants are operating below requirements
Fifty cities located along the more than 2,500-km river discharge
2,723.3 million litres a day (MLD) of wastewater into it, according to the
latest assessment report of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
Measures Taken by
Government
National Ganga River Basin Project
(NGRB)
Measures Taken by
Government
Measures Taken by
Government
Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond
System (AIWPS)
Measures Taken by
Government
Bibliography
http://www.gits4u.com/water/ganga.htm
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_fres
hwater/rivers/irbm/cases/ganges_river_case_stud
y/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_of_the_Gan
ges
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges
http://www.shubhyatra.com/uttar-pradesh/ritualperformances.html
PDF : Water Resources of the Ganga under a
Changing Climate Interaction between Glaciers
and Monsoon in the Himalaya_ Siderius and
Moors
http://vgopalan.blogspot.com/2010/04/ganges-hol
Bibliography
http://
economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/pollution
/a-dip-in-ganga-may-cause-cancer/articleshow/37154
295.cms
http://
www.all-about-india.com/Ganges-River-Pollution.html
PDF : Kartha, D.K.M. 2009. THE DESCENT OF THE
RIVER GANGES
PDF : Purifying the Earthly Body of God ; Religion and
Ecology in Hindu India
PDF : WATER QUALITY ISSUES IN INDIA, Dr. R.C.
Trivedi,CPCB
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-21175890
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