Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Research Objectives
Statements of goals of a study or
research questions that the study
wants to answer
Primary objectives
Secondary objectives
Supporting evidence, involves other
related variables
Content of research
objectives?
Population studied
Outcome variables
Interventions/factors
Research Objectives
Objectives
Independent
Dependent
Review of Literature/Conceptual
Framework
Extraneous Variables
Intervening Variables
Identifying Variables
Research
Objectives
Conceptual Framework
Socio-Demographic Factors
Age
Sex
Monthly Family Income
Educational Attainment
Behavioral
Factors
Alcohol
Consumption
Cigarette
smoking
Salt Intake
Medical Factors
Duration of Diabetes
Body Mass Index
Insulin Treatment
Family History of
Hypertension
Hypertension among
NIDDM Patients
Characteristics of variables in
research objectives
Relevant important/useful
Quantifiable variables can be measured
Valid measures the intended construct
Objective same interpretation by
different observers
Reliable consistent measurements
Sensitive detect small effects
Specific unaffected by other factors
Precise small variability
Types of Variables
Qualitative variable -attributes are categories, labels
Ex. Region of residence, gender, race,
Quantitative variable- expressed numerically and can
be categorized into discrete or continuous
Discrete quantitative variable-numeric values can
only have whole numbers
Ex. Parity, number of hospital beds
Continuous quantitative variable-numeric values
which can have decimal places
Ex. Height, systolic blood pressure
Levels of Measurement
Nominal scale - labeling of categories; assignment of
numbers are liberal Ex.Gender, region
Ordinal scale - ranking of categories; qualitative or a quantitative
variable; cannot determine the magnitude of the differences
between categories Ex.Disease status: normal, mild,
moderate and severe; Age: 18-25 26-35 36-45
Interval scale - differences between categories are equally
scaled; no zero point
Ex.IQ Test scores, temperature
Ratio scale - ratios have meaning; zero point is fixed Ex.Height in
cm.
Exercises
For the following research topics, transform
each into research objectives. Identify
the populations to be studied. List the
independent and dependent variables
and other variables to be controlled.
Describe them as to their type of variable
and level of measurement.
Objective 1
To determine the effect of coconut
oil on cholesterol levels
Objective 2
To
Objective 3
To
Objective 4
A