Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Ideal Requirements of an
impression material
1. Accuracy:
1) Chemical (irreversible):
harden through a chemical reaction, e.g. plaster impression,
zinc oxide and eugenol, alginate and rubber base impression
materials.
2) Physical (reversible):
they set as a result of a change of temperature without
chemical changes, e.g. agar agar, impression compound and
impression waxes.
Impression Materials
Inelastic
Elastic
Plaster of
Hydrocolloids
Agar Agar
Alginate
Polysulphide
Silicones
Elastomers
Polyether
Condensation Addition
According to uses
Edetulous
Patient
Partialy edentulous
patient
Hydocolloids, rubbers
2ry Impression
(special tray)
Compound
impression material
Plaster impression
material
Alginate impression
material
Zinc oxide/eugenol
impression material
Agar Agar impression
material
Rubbers
impression
materials
Plaster of Paris
Used for impression of edentulous patients.
Composition:
powder + water
1- - CaSO4.1/2H2O; not and/or improved stone
because:
Weaker: So it will break during removal from the undercut and thus avoids
injury to the patient and the fractured part can be reassembled accurately
Higher W/P ratio, which increases the flow at the beginning and thus
records fine details.
2. Modifiers:
** 1% borax as a retarder
3. Natural gums:
Improve its handling characteristics. They
increase its cohesion and facilitate border molding
of the impression.
4. Flavoring agent:
More acceptable to the patient, through
agreeable taste.
5. Coloring materials:
Distinguish the impression from the cast, which
will also be made of gypsum products.
6. Potato starch:
To obtain the soluble plaster. After the impression
is cast and hardened, it is soaked in hot water and
the starch swells and the impression disintegrates
and will be easy to remove.
Impression compound
Application:
1. Full jaws impression in edentulous mouth.
2. Impression trays
3. Peripheral seal materials.
4. Single impression with copper band for inlays and crowns.
Composition:
sheets, stick cylinder or cones of different sizes and
colors.
1. Thermoplastic material: e.g. Natural resins and
waxes. They soften by heating and give the qualities of
flow and cohesion.
2. Fillers: e.g. Talc, soapstone or diatomaceous earth.
They add body and give a suitable working consistency.
3. Plasticizers: e.g. Stearic acid or stearin. These act as
lubricants and together with fillers control the flow and
consistency of the material.
4. Coloring agents: e.g. Rouge. It produces characteristic
reddish brown color most commonly used. Black and
green colors are also available.
Types:
Conductivity:
Gum rosin and oils 65%: Gives body and coherence and
imparts thermoplastic properties to the set materials for easy
removal from the cast by softening it in hot water.
Manipulation
Setting Reaction:
Zn O
+ H2O
Zn (OH)
Point of
comparison
Plaster
impression
materials
Impression
compound
Thermoplastic
material
1)
Form of
supply
Powder /
water
5055ml/100gm
Zinc/Oxide &
eugenol
impression
material
Sheets
2 pastes
system
Sticks
Or P/L
cones
2)
Application
1- Whole
edentulous jaw.
1ry impression
using stock
tray.
2- Peripheral
Type I
seal
Whole
edentulous jaw.
2ry impression
using special
tray.
3- single
impression
using copper
band
Whole
edentulous jaw.
2ry impression
using special
tray.
CaSo4.
1/2 H2O
1- highest
w/p ratio
3)
Composition
1Thermoplasti
c materials:
waxes &
natural resin
2- fillers add
body
high flow
2- Weak
3- Plasticizers
lubricants
Paste 1
Paste 2
80% ZnO
15% Oil of
cloves or
eugenol
15%
inert oil
Hydroge
nated
resin
Fillers
4- coloring
3- Less
agent
feeling of
heat evolved
Moisture
On mixing
powder +
water;
4)
Setting
reaction
Compound
(hard)
CaSO4.1/2 H2O
+ H 2O
45C
ZnO + Eugenol
H 2O
37C
CaSO4.2H2O
Compound
(soft)
Zinc
eugenolate
Chelation
reaction
Zn
Type I: at 45C
85%
Properties
I- Accuracy
1) Flow
2) Elasticity
Excellent
Non elastic
Non elastic
Fracture can be
reassembled
Distortion
on removal
of undercuts
3)
0.06%
Dimensional expansion
accuracy
4)
Dimensional
stability
at 37 C 6%
Type II:
70% at 45C
2% at 37C
Shrinkage
may result
does not
affect
accuracy
0.3%
Contraction
Distortion
due to
release of
internal
stresses
Very good
Non elastic
Distortion
Shrinkage
0.1%
High
temperature
cause
distortion
Properties
I- Accuracy
5)
Adhesion
With the tray
6)
Compatibility
with Cast
Compatible
because of
the addition
of gum
Incompatible
Separating
medium
Potato
starch
Adhesive
Adhesive
(resin)
Compatible
Compatible
II)
Taste
- Unpleasant
- Dehydrates
the soft
tissue
III)
Manipulation
Easy
IV) Addition
Does not
accept
addition
- Pleasant
Easy
Accept
addition
Can be
electroplated
- Pleasant
Easy
Accept
addition
(Hydrocolloids)
Non-aqueous
elastic impression
Polysulphide
Silicon
Condensation
Addition
Polyether
Alginate
Hydrocolloids
Solvent and Solute
Solution
single phase, which
means a homogenous
mixture, where the solute
exists as small
molecules or ions in the
solvent.
Emulsion
Colloids
heterogeneous two-phase
system, a dispersed phase
of particles of at least
sufficient size to be seen
microscopically, dispersed
in a medium.
A. HYDROCOLLOIDS:
Colloids
Evaporation.
Excruding of fluids.
3. Disinfection:
Hydrocolloid impression must be poured within a short
time after removal from the mouth
Disinfection should be relatively rapid
***The
cast should not be left too long in contact
***
with the impression. The set stone absorbs water
from the water-filled impression. The result is a
Point of
comparison
1) Form of
supply
Agar agar
Gel in sealed
container or
collapsible
tube
Whole
edentulous jaw
2)
Application Quadrant
impression
Duplicating
material
13-15% agar
agar
0.2% borax
3)
Composition Strength of the gel +
gypsum
- retardation of the
2% potassium
sulphate
83% water
Fillers
Agar agar
(gel)
4)
Setting
100C
43C
reaction
Agar agar
(sol)
Point of
comparison
Agar agar
1) Form of
supply
Gel in sealed
container or
collapsed tube
Alginate
Powder and
water
2)
Application
Whole
edentulous jaw
Quadrant
impression
Duplicating
material
13-15% agar agar
3)
Composition
0.2% borax
- Strength of the gel
- retardation of
the gypsum
2% K2SO4
83% water
Fillers
Whole
edentulous jaw
Quadrant
impression
1) Soluble salt of
alginic acid e.g. K or
ammonium alginate
12%. It reacts with
calcium ions to give
calcium alginate gel.
2) Calcium sulfate
12%. It releases Ca
ions to react with
alginate (reactor).
3)
Composition
1) Retardation Reaction:
Agar agar
(gel)
4) Setting
reaction
Trisodium phosphate +
calcium sulphate
Calcium phosphate +
100C
Sodium sulphate
43C
2) Gelation reaction
Agar agar
(sol)
Calcium sulfate +
Potassium alginate
(sol)
Calcium Alginate+
(gel)
Potassium sulphate
Manipulation
Properties
I- Accuracy
1) Flow
2) Elasticity
3)
Dimensional
accuracy
4)
Dimensional
stability
Agar
Excellent
Elastic
98.8%
No
dimensional
changes
Imbibition
and synersis
Alginate
Can record fine
details
Elastic 97.3%
No dimensional
changes
Imbibition
and
synersis
5) Adhesion
With the tray
6) Compatibility
with Cast
Manipulation
Special
perforated
tray
Dipped in
2% K2SO4
Dipped in
2% K2SO4
Removed
easily
Removed
easily
Addition
accept addition Does not accept addition
Tear strength
low used in 4-6mm in tray
Electroplating
Point of
comparison
1) Form of
supply
Polysulphide
rubbers
Silicon
Polyether
rubbers
Light
Regular
Heavy
Putty
Light
Regular
heavy
Polysulphide
rubbers
2)
Application
Silicon
Polyether
rubbers
Quadrant
impression
Single
impression
Polysulphide
Silicon
rubbers
Condensation
Addition
Paste 1
Polysulphide
with SH
terminal gp
(liquid)
3)
Composition
Fillers 1-54%
Plasticizers
to regulate
the viscosity
Sulfur aids
the reaction
Paste 2
Silicon
Paste 1
Paste 1
Polydimethyl
siloxane with
OH terminal
gp
Low M.W.
polymer with
silane gp
Orthoalkyl
silicate for
cross
Fillers linking
Paste 2
Tin octoate
Silicon
thickening
agent
Fillers
Polyether
rubbers
Paste 1
Polyether
polymer with
ethylene amine
gp
Fillers
Plasticizers
Paste 2
Low M.W.
polymer with
vinyl gp
Chloroplatinic
acid
Fillers
Paste 2
Aromatic
sulphonic
acid ester
Fillers
Plasticizers
Manipulation
Special tray with adhesive
Equal length of the two pastes
2-3mm in thickness inside the tray
except for polyether due to its high stiffness
Properties
Polysulphide
rubbers
Condensation
Silicon
I- Accuracy
Addition
Silicon
1) Flow
2) Elasticity
Polyether
rubbers
Silicon
98%
99.5%
3)
98.9%
0.6%
0.2%
0.25%
0.05%
shrinkage
shrinkage
shrinkage
Dimensional shrinkage
accuracy Shrinkage also occurs due to differences in temperatur
between the mouth & the room as well as by products.
4)
Dimensional
stability
Silicon
Polysulphide
Properties
rubbers
Condensation
Addition
Silicon
Silicon
I- Accuracy
5)
Polyether
rubbers
Needs adhesive
Adhesion
With the tray
Incompatible
evolution of
H2
Compatible
6)
Compatibility
with Cast
Surfactant is needed to improve
their wetability
Compatible
Does not
need
surfactant
to improve
the
wetability
II) Taste
Sulfur odour
III) Tear
strength
High
IV)
Disinfection & Can be
electroplating
- Pleasant
Least
Can be
- Pleasant
less
Can not be
because it is
hydrophilic