GSM & LTE

31 March 2016

What is GSM?
GSM Global System for Mobile
Communication. Owned by GSM
Association
Is a standard developed by theEuropean
Telecommunications Standards
Institute(ETSI) to describe the protocols
for second-generation (2G) digitalcellular
networksused by mobile phones, first
deployed in Finland in July 1991

What is GSM?
Is adigitalmobile telephony system that is widely
used in Europe and other parts of the world.
GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access
(TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three
digitalwireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM,
andCDMA).
GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it
down a channel with two other streams of user data,
each in its own time slot. It operates at either the
900MHzor 1800 MHz frequency band.

What is GSM?
2G networks developed as a replacement for first
generation (1G) analog cellular networks, and the
GSM standard originally described a digital, circuitswitched network optimized forfull
duplexvoicetelephony.
This expanded over time to include data
communications, first by circuit-switched transport,
then bypacketdata transport viaGPRS(General
Packet Radio Services) andEDGE(Enhanced Data
rates for GSM Evolution or EGPRS).

LTE (Long Term Evolution)

supports high speed data
supports deployment on different frequency bandwidths.
The current specification outlines the following bandwidth
blocks: 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, and
20MHz.
Frequency bandwidth blocks - the amount of space a
network operator dedicates to a network. Depending on
the type of LTE being deployed, these bandwidths have
slightly different meaning in terms of capacity.
Introduced in Malaysia in 2013

LTE in Malaysia
Maxis (the best. Data sample size of close to 40 million
that were contributed by 21,109 OpenSignal app users in
Malaysia between 1 December 2015 to 29 February
2016.).
Celcom
Digi
U-Mobile
TM
Altel
4G LTE is a 2,600MHZ range wireless platforms and this
means that Malaysian service providers in theory will be
able to provide mobile broadband speeds of 100Mbps to
users

What is 2G?
2G, first introduced in 1992, is the secondgeneration of cellular telephone technology and
the first to use digital encryption of
conversations.
2G networks were the first to offer data services
and SMS text messaging, but their data transfer
rates are lower than those of their successors
Capabilities - GSM 900, GSM 1800

What is 3G?
3Gnetworks succeed 2G ones, offering
faster data transfer rates and are the first to
enable video calls.
This makes them especially suitable for use
in modern smartphones, which require
constant high-speed internet connection for
many of their applications.
Capabilities - UMTS 900, UMTS 2100

What is 4G?
4Gis the fourth generation of mobile phone
communications standards. It is a successor of
the 3G and provides ultra-broadband internet
access for mobile devices.
The high data transfer rates make 4G networks
suitable for use in USB wireless modems for
laptops and even home internet access.
Capabilities - LTE 1800, LTE 2600

3 types of 4G technologies:
1) HSPA
HSPA+ (evolved HSPA)has a theoretical peak
download rate of 168 Mbps and is technically
classified as 3.75G, the step right before 4G.
However, this rate is unlikely to be achieved, and
the LTE typical stands to offer a higher speed in
practice.
U Mobiles offers HSPA+ services, but the
company doesnt directly associate itself with 4G
services.

3 types of 4G technologies: 2)
WiMAX
WiMAXhas a theoretical peak
download rate of 128 Mbps and is
offered by the Malaysian telcos YES
and P1.

3 types of 4G technologies:
3) LTE
LTEis all the hype right now, with a a theoretical peak
download rate of 100 Mbps (By the way, 4G LTE is technically
3GPP LTE).
While its theoretical speed is lower than the above, in
practice, 4G LTE is actually faster. The 4G LTE is similar in
speed to somefiber to the home broadband plans in Malaysia.
The True 4G that actually meets the standards is now known
as LTE Advanced, with a peak download speed of 1 Gb/s
(thats about 10 times more than the current LTE).
Maxis, DiGi, and Celcom are offering 4G LTE services in
Malaysia.

In what occasion you can use 4G

LTE?
Phones need to be compatible with
the network
Area of coverage has 4G LTE

Best 4G phones

Iphone 5S
HTC One
Samsung Galaxy S5
Sony Xperia Z2
Google Nexus 5
LG G2
Iphone 5C
Sony Xperia Z1 Compact
HTC One Mini

Difference GSM and LTE

wireless technology
to describe protocols
for cellular networks
used by mobile
phones
2G
Data EDGE, GPRS at
low speed

wireless broadband
technology for
communication of
high speed data for
mobile phones
4G
Support high speed
network (means
between 100Mbps
180 Mbps)

How to estimate download/upload

time?
Ping the reaction to your request. How fast you get the
response after you sent a request. Measured in
milliseconds (ms)
Download speed how fast you can pull data from the
server onto your device. Measured in Megabits per
second (mbps)
Upload speed how fast you send data. Measured in
Megabits per second (Mbps)
Download/upload time can affected by line sharing,
time of day, distance from telephone exchange and
quality of wiring

SPEEDTEST
Use Speedtest or any other
Now, try and test your networks
speed on your smartphone.
Print screen the result and post it in
the Whatsapp group

Estimate download time

how long it would take to download a
200 kb file with a connection speed of
52kbps/40kbps/20kbps?
So 200 * 8 = 1600kbits then just divide
for each speed
1600/52 = 30.769... secs
1600/40 = 40 secs
1600/20 = 80 secs (1 minute 20 secs)

Estimate download time

how long it would take to download a 100MB file
with a connection speed of 100Mbps?
Answer: 00:00:08. how?
1MB = 104857600 byte
100MB = 838860800 bits convert to megabits
(1000000)
= 838.8608 mb
With speed 100Mbps 838.8608/100 = 8.388 secs

Estimate download time

If file size 1GB, speed 100 Mbps,
what is the download time?
Answer: 1 min 43 secs

Estimated download/upload time (for

common ADSL, 3G, 4G etc

Realistically speaking, because the actual speed is never as fast as the

advertised and there are many things that affect speed, the times below
should be multiplied by four or five to get a more accurate figure from our