Anatomy and Physiology

 Anatomy – The study of body structures

 Physiology- The Study of how the body works

1. Inorganic Chemicals
- Are usually simple molecules made of one or more
elements
- Examples: Water, Oxygen, Carbon

2. Organic Chemicals
- Very complex and always contain the elements carbon
- Examples: Carbohydrate, Protein
 Tissue- group of cells with
similar structure and function
 4 groups of Tissue

 1. Epithelial tissue
 -Cover or line body surfaces
 2. Connective tissue
 - Connects and support parts of the body
 Muscle Tissue
 - specialized for contraction which brings about
movements
 Nerve Tissue
 - transmit electrochemical nerves
Organ Level
- group of two or more different
types of tissue precisely
arranged so as to accomplish
specific functions

 Organ System
 - are group of organs that all contribute to a
particular function
Body Cavities
- Many organs and organ system in the
human body are housed in compartments.

 Cranial Cavity
 Spinal cavity
 Thoracic cavity
 Abdominal Cavity
Anatomical Terminology
 Anatomical Position
 - The body is standing erect face forward with upper limbs
at the sides and with the palms forward
 Superior
 Inferior
 Anterior
 Ventral
 Posterior
 Dorsal
 Medial
 Lateral
 Proximal
 Distal
 Superficial
 Deep
Planes
The Nervous System

 1. The Central Nervous System (CNS)

 - Consist of the Brain and Spinal Cord

 2. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

 -Consist of the neurons NOT included in the
Brain and Spinal Cord.
Brain
-Most Active Organ
-Most active when asleep/ Rapid Eye Movement
Components:

 1. Mass- 8O% (Cerebrum)

 2. Blood- 1o% only fluid component

 Normal Values:
 1. N Volume of CSF= 100-150 ml
 2.N pressure of CSF= 75-150 mmhg
 3. N pressure of CSF inside the skull=4-10mmhg
CNS CELL

 1. Labile Cells
 -Cell that heals

 2. Stable Cells
 -There’s healing for a certain span of time.

 3. Permanent cells
 -No healing process
The Lobes of the Cerebrum
FRONTAL LOBE
-Located in front of the central sulcus.
- Personality
- Intelligence
- Memory
- Speech (Brokas)

 TEMPORAL LOBE
 - Hearing
 - Smell
 - Taste
 - Speech ( wernickes)
 Recall of memories
Parietal Lobe

- Sensation, Awareness of Body Shape

 - Prick, Touch and Pressure

 Occipital LOBE

 -vision
Regulatory Affairs

 1. Diencephalon
 > Thalamus
 - Sensory processing
 - Movement

 > Hypothalamus
 Body Temperature
 Emotions
 Hunger
 Thirst
Cerebellum
- responsible for:
 Movement
 Balance
 Posture
Limbic System

 Emotions
 Memory