WELCOME

FUEL INJECTION
SYSTEM IN CI ENGINE
PRESENTED BY
NAME ROLLNO
SHAHNOOR SONI 652
SURESHKUMAR V. 654
YATIN TENDULKAR 655
SWAPNIL TORALKAR 656
KARAN UMRALKAR 657
SALONI VARDHAN 658
RUSHIKESH ZINE 659
 Fuel Injection System in
the CI Engine
For the compression ignition engine, it is very
important to promote a means of injecting fuel into
the cylinder at the proper time in the cycle. This is
so because the injection system starts and controls
the combustion process.
 Requirements of the Injection System

1. ACCURATE METERING
2. PROPER INJECTION TIMING
3. DESIRED RATE OF INJECTION
4. PROPER ATOMISATION
5. PROPER SPRAY PATTERN
6. UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION
7. SHARP INJECTION i.e. NO LAG
8. MINIMUM WEIGHT AND SIZE
9. SMOOTH OPERATION
 FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS

1. PUMPING ELEMENTS
2. METERING ELEMENTS
3. METERING CONTROLS
4. DISTRIBUTING ELEMENTS
5. TIMING CONTROLS
6. MIXING ELEMENTS
7. GOVERNOR MECHANISM
 CLASSIFICATION

1. AIR INJECTION SYSTEM

2. SOLID OR AIRLESS INJECTION SYSTEM

 TYPES OF SOLID INJECTION
SYSTEM

1. INDIVIDUAL PUMP AND NOZZLE SYSTEM

2. UNIT INJECTOR SYSTEM

3. COMMON RAIL SYSTEM

4. DISTRIBUTOR SYSTEM
 INDIVIDUAL PUMP AND SYSTEM

• SEPARATE METERING AND COMPRESSION

PUMP.
 UNIT INJECTOR SYSTEM

• PUMP AND INJECTOR

NOZZLE COMBINED IN ONE
HOUSING

• EACH CYLINDER IS
PROVIDED WITH UNIT
INJECTOR HOUSING.
 COMMON RAIL SYSTEM

• FUEL ENTERS ACCUMULATOR VIA H.P PUMP

FROM TANK.
• ACCUMULATOR SUPPLIES FUEL TO
INDIVIDUAL NOZZLES.
 DISTRIBUTOR SYSTEM
• SINGLE PUMP METERS AND SUPPLIES FUEL
TO A ROTATING DISTRIBUTOR.
• DISTRIBUTOR FURTHER SUPPLIES FUEL TO
ALL CYLINDERS.
 NEED OF GOVERNORS

• CONTROL FUEL AND

AIR FLOW RATE
• EXCESSIVE CARBON
DEPOSITS
• HIGH EXHAUST
TEMPERATURE
• OVER SPEEDING
 TYPES OF GOVERNORS

 MECHANICAL GOVERNORS

 PNEUMATIC GOVERNORS
 MECHANICAL GOVERNOR

WORKING PRINCIPLE – CENTRIFUGAL ACTION

 PNEUMATIC GOVERNOR
 ACCELERATOR PEDAL CONTROLS AMOUNT
OF VACUUM APPLIED TO DIAPHRAGM
 DIAPHRAGM CONNECTED TO FUEL
CONTROL
 FUEL INJECTOR

 PROPER ATOMISATION OF
FUEL INTO VERY FINE
DROPLETS
 FUEL INJECTOR CONSISTS OF
1. NEEDLE VALVE
2. COMPRESSION SPRING
3. NOZZLE
4. INJECTOR BODY
TYPES OF FUEL INJECTOR
 NOZZLE – AN OVERVIEW

• PART OF INJECTOR
WHICH SPRAYS FUEL

• CONSISTS OF
a)NOZZLE VALVE
b) NOZZLE BODY
 CLASSIFICATION OF NOZZLES

I. PINTLE NOZZLE

II. SINGLE HOLE NOZZLE

III. MULTI HOLE NOZZLE

IV. PINTAUX NOZZLE

 PINTLE NOZZLE

• STEM OF NOZZLE VALVE

EXTENDS TO FORM PINTLE
• VARIATION OF SIZE AND
SHAPE
 SINGLE HOLE NOZZLE

• SINGLE HOLE AT THE

CENTRE OF NOZZLE
BODY WHICH IS
CLOSED BY NOZZLE
VALVE
• NARROW SPRAY ANGLE
TO FACILITATE GOOD
MIXING
 MULTI HOLE NOZZLE

• CONSISTS OF
NUMBER OF HOLES
BOARD IN THE TIP
OF THE NOZZLE
• ABILITY TO
DISTRIBUTE THE
FUEL PROPERLY
 PINTAUX NOZZLE

• TYPE OF PINTLE
NOZZLE HAVING AN
AUXILIARY HOLE
DRILLED IN THE
NOZZLE BODY
• PROVIDES BETTER
COLD STARTING
PERFORMANCE
 SPRAY FORMATION

FUEL JET VELOCITY AT EXIT OF FUEL ORIFICE IS GIVEN BY

THE EQUATION :
Vf =cd√2(pinj ­pcyl)/ þf
DROPLETS SIZE DEPENDS ON

•INJECTION PRESSURE

•AIR DENSITY

•FUEL VISCOSITY

•SIZE OF ORIFICE
SPRAY DIRECTION
QUANTITY OF FUEL AND SIZE OF
NOZZLE ORIFICE
The quantity of fuel injected per cycle is dependent on
the power output of the engine. The size of droplets
depend on the velocity which should be of the order of
400 m/s. As mentioned earlier, this velocity is given by

V f  C d 2 gh
where h is the pressure difference between injection and
cylinder pressures, measured in meters of fuel column.
 The volume of fuel injected per second, Q, is given by
.
 2    60   N i 
Q   d  V f    
4   360 N   60 

where d is the diameter of one orifice in m,

Ni is the number of injections per minute, = N/2
for a 4-stroke engine,
N is the engine speed in rev/min,
θ is the duration of injection in crank angle
degrees,
Q is expressed usually in mm3/degree crank
angle/liter cylinder displacement volume
TYPICAL FUEL FEED SYSTEM
 FUEL FEED PUMP

• IT IS OF SPRING LOADED PLUNGER TYPE PUMP

• INJECTION PUMP : DELIVERS ACCURATELY
METERED QUANTITY OF FUEL UNDER HIGH
PRESSURE
 INJECTION PUMP

• MAIN OBJECTIVE – DELIVER ACCURATE

METERED QTY. OF FUEL

• PRESSURE RANGES FROM 120 TO 200 BAR

BOSCH FUEL INJECTION PUMP
WORKING OF INJECTION PUMP
 ANY QUESTIONS??

THANK YOU!!