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 A form of government or form of
governance, refers to the set of
political institutions by which a
government is organized in order to
exert its powers.
Oifferent forms of government
˜ Monarchy
˜ Aristocracy
˜ Oictatorship
˜ Presidential
˜ Parliamentary
˜ 6s one in which legislative and
executive organ of the state are
closely related and interdependent
in the performance of governmental
functions
˜ Clear differentiation between the
head of state and head of
government
˜ Úhe ministries are in constant touch with the
legislature where opposition party review
every policy of government
˜ Úhe government cannot be despotic!
˜ Úhe life of executive is uncertain
because at any time there could be a
vote of no confidence in which
executive has to resign
˜ Úhe government will always adopt a
policy that will benefit the party and its
supporters. Úhe policy might
unbeneficial to the opposition
˜ Úhe head of government is in almost all
cases not directly elected
˜ §o differentiation of the separation of
powers between legislative and
executive
˜ Úhere are four parts of the system
˜ Prime minister
˜ President
˜ Parliament
˜ Cabinet
˜ A u


 is the most senior
minister of cabinet in the executive
branch of government in a parliamentary
system.
˜ Úhe position is usually held by, but need
not always be held by, a politician.
˜ 6n many systems, the prime minister
selects and can dismiss other members of
the cabinet, and allocates posts to
members within the Government.
˜ 6n most systems, the prime minister is
the presiding member and chairman of
the cabinet.
˜ 6n a minority of systems, notably in
semi-presidential systems of
government, a prime minister is the
official who is appointed to manage the
civil service and execute the directives
of the president.
˜ „y appointment by the head of state,
without reference to
parliament(Example: Canada).
˜ Appointment by the head of state after
parliament nominates a
candidate(Example: Úhe Republic of
6reland).
˜ Úhe head of state appoints a prime
minister who has a set timescale within
which s/he must gain a vote of
confidence(Example: 6taly)
˜ Úhe head of state appoints the leader
of the political party with the majority
of the votes in the Parliament as Prime
Minister(Example: Greece)
˜ Oirect election by parliament(Example:
Pakistan).
˜ §omination by a state office holder
other than the head of state or his/her
representative: (Example: Sweden).
˜ Oirect election by popular vote.
(Example: 6srael)
˜ Úhe head of state nominates a
candidate for prime minister who is
then submitted to parliament for
approval before appointment as prime
minister(Example: Spain).
˜ Most senior minister of cabinet in
executive branch
˜ Head of government
˜ May or may not be a member of
parliament
˜ Real executive powers
˜ Appointed by members of national
assembly for 5 year
˜ Right to call for the resignation of
cabinet members at any time
˜ Can be removed through no-confidence
motion or by his own party members
˜ Age should be 45 or more
˜ Muslim
˜ Citizen of Pakistan
˜ Oirect election
˜ Majority party nominates
representative
˜ After 13 days of election: assembly sits
to select PM
˜ Member who scores majority votes
shall be invited by president to assume
the office
˜ Úhe Prime Minister·s formal
constitutional role is to chair the
Cabinet, appoint ministers, advise the
Governor General, and act as key
spokesperson for the government both
in Parliament and out.
˜ Power to appoint, reshuffle or dismiss
ministers
˜ Power to create peers
˜ Power to give out honours
˜ Power to appoint chairs of nationalised
industries
˜ Powers in international relations
˜ Êimitations on the powers of PM is that
he should listen to the advice of the
senior colleagues before making
decisions
˜ His ability to call the flaw of business is
restricted
j Oirect and determine the policy of the
nation.
j Responsible for national defense.
j Assures the execution of laws.
j Selects the ministers from §A to
constitute cabinet.
˜ Responsible for coordinating and
supervising the work of the cabinet.
˜ Úhe m


 

is the
head of government of the Republic of
6ndia, and head of the Council of
Ministries, appointed by the President
to assist the latter in the
administration of the affairs of the
executive in 6ndia.
˜ Úhe Prime Minister is responsible for
bringing proposal of legislation. Úhe
Prime Minister is appointed by the
President, and recognized as leader of
the majority party in the two Houses of
the Parliament of 6ndia
˜ leads the functioning and exercise of
authority of the government
˜ responsible for aiding and advising the
President in distribution of work of the
Government
˜ Úhe Prime Minister, in consultation with the
Cabinet, schedules and attends the sessions
of the Houses of Parliament and is required
to answer the question from the Members of
Parliament
˜ Úhe Prime Minister represents the
country in various delegations, high level
meetings and international organizations
˜ Úhe Prime Minister selects the
members of the Council of Ministers
who are formally appointed by the
President
˜ Úhe Prime Minister presides over the
meetings of the Council of Ministers.
˜ He decides the policies of the
government.
˜ Úhe powers of coordination among the
various Ministries, heading of the
Cabinet meetings resides in the hands
of Prime Minister.