Bunyaviridae

Rift Valley Fever virus

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic
Fever virus
Hantavirus

Bunyaviridae
contains more than 300 viruses
mostly transmitted by arthropods
sensitive to inactivation by heat, detergents,
formaldehyde, and low pH
Virion Structure

Genomic
Structure

Structural
Proteins

Spherical
80-120 nm
diameter
Enveloped
Helical
nucleocapsid
NO matrix protein

(-) sense
Linear ssRNA
Three segments:
Large (L) codes
for viral
polymerase
Medium (M)
codes for G1
and G2
glycoproteins

Membrane
Glycoproteins (cell
entry and
pathogenesis)
Nucleocapsid
Protein (for virus
replication and
packaging)
Viral Polymerase
(Transcriptase and

Bunyaviridae
Membrane
glycoproteins
(G1 and G2)

Nucleocapsi
d proteins
(N)

Polymeras
e (L)

Bunyaviridae
Uukuniemi virus

Bunya virus - LaCrosse virus

(LACV)
estimated 300,000 persons annually are
infected
about 80 to 100 have severe disease of the
CNS
commonly found in children
usually develops in the summer, frequently
referred to as the summer flu or summer
cold
very low mortality (about 1%)
most common Bunyavirus in United States

Bunya virus (Phlebovirus)

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)
MOT: sandfly or Aedes species of
mosquitoes
causes abortion in livestock
immunization of livestock is the most
effective way to control and prevent
the disease
highly infectious by aerosolized blood
febrile disease in humans
targets the liver

Bunya virus (Nairovirus)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)

high-mortality infection in humans

about 30% of the patients die
occurs in Middle East and Africa
targets the liver and vascular
endothelium
others begin recovering after about
10 days
MOT: Arthropod borne (Ixodid tick)

Crimean-Congo
Hemorrhagic Fever
(Nairovirus)

Bunya virus - Hantavirus

includes Hantaan virus, Seoul virus,
Puumala virus, and Dobrava virus
MOT: Rodent borne
Generally, person to person transmission
does not occur with hantavirus
occur in Asia and Europe (Old World
hantaviruses)
except Seoul virus = found worldwide
occur in America (New World hantaviruses)

Bunya virus - Hantavirus

Hantavirus
Puumala Hantavirus most common in Europe
liver and vascular endothelium are
targeted
causes a mild form of HFRS
(nephropathia epidemica)
mortality rate for HFRS is 1% to 15%
Sin Nombre (no
name) Hantavirus

causes the disease hantavirus pulmonary

syndrome (HPS)
lungs are targeted
mortality rate for HPS is about 50%
3- to 5-day febrile prodrome, with fever,
chills, and myalgia
transmitted by inhaling contaminated
aerosolized mouse urine, saliva, and feces

Bunyaviridae
Bunyavirida
e

Diseases

MOT

Affected
tissues

Genus
Phlebovirus

Rift Valley fever,

sandfly (Phlebotomus)
fever, and Uukuniemi
viruses.

Arthropod
borne
(mosquitoes,
sandflies,
ticks)

brain and liver

Genus
Nairovirus

Crimean-Congo
hemorrhagic fever,
Nairobi sheep disease,
and Sakhalin viruses.

Arthropod
borne (Ixodid
ticks)

vascular
endothelium
and liver

Bunyaviridae
Bunyavirida
e
Genus
Hantavirus

Diseases

MOT

Hantaan virus (Korean Rodent borne

hemorrhagic fever),
Seoul virus (hemorrhagic
fever with renal
syndrome), Sin Nombre
virus (hantavirus
pulmonary syndrome).

Genus
Anopheles A and B,
Orthobunyavi Bunyamwera, California
rus
encephalitis, Guama, La
Crosse, Oropouche, and
Turlock viruses.

Arthropod
borne (Aedes
mosquitoes)

Affected
tissues
peritoneal
cavity,
kidneys,
thoracic
cavity, or
lungs

vascular
endothelium
and liver