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VECTORS AND
THE GEOMETRY OF SPACE
12.1
Three-Dimensional
Coordinate Systems
In this section, we will learn about:
Aspects of three-dimensional coordinate systems.
COORDINATE AXES
COORDINATE AXES
COORDINATE AXES
COORDINATE AXES
COORDINATE AXES
COORDINATE PLANES
OCTANTS
PROJECTIONS
PROJECTIONS
Example 1
a. z = 3
b. y = 5
Example 1 a
Example 1 a
Example 1 b
Example 1 b
NOTE
Note
NOTE
In Example 1, y = 5 represents
a plane in R3.
NOTE
NOTE
In general, if k is a constant,
then
x = k represents a plane parallel to the yz-plane.
y = k is a plane parallel to the xz-plane.
z = k is a plane parallel to the xy-plane.
NOTE
Example 2
Example 2
R}.
Example 2
P1 P2 ( x2 x1 ) ( y2 y1 ) ( z2 z1 )
2
If A(x2, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z1) are the vertices
of the box, then
|P1A| = |x2 x1|
|AB| = |y2 y1|
|BP2| = |z2 z1|
Therefore,
P1 P2 ( x2 x1 ) ( y2 y1 ) ( z2 z1 )
2
Example 3
PQ (1 2) (3 1) (5 7)
2
1 4 4
3
Example 4
Example 4
Example 4
EQUATION OF A SPHERE
Example 5
Show that
x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x 6y + 2z + 6 = 0
is the equation of a sphere.
Example 5
Example 5
Example 6
1 x2 + y2 + z2 4
z0
Example 6
The inequalities
1 x2 + y2 + z2 4
can be rewritten as:
1 x y z 2
2
Example 6
Example 6