CCNA INTERVIEW

QUESTIONS

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Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for reliable connections?

Answer: The Transport layer of the OSI model is responsible for reliable
connections.
What is the difference between acknowledgments and handshaking?
Answer: Handshaking is used to negotiate the properties of a
connection that is being established. Acknowledgments are used to tell
the sender that data has been successfully received by the destination
during the use of a connection.
How many VTP modes are there and what are they?
Answer: Three: Server, Client, and Transparent
What are the two types of Trunk encapsulation protocols?
Answer: IEEE 802.1Q and Ciscos ISL
What are the four primary no routable protocols?
Answer: SNA, NetBIOS, DEC LAT, DEC MOP
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What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

Answer: The primary difference between TCP and UDP is that TCP is a
connection oriented protocol and UDP is a connection less protocol.
What is HSRP?
Answer: HSRP, or the Hot Standby Routing Protocol, is a Cisco
proprietary protocol that brings routing functionality to end devices
that would otherwise not be capable of taking advantage of redundant
network connections. HSRP enables a pair of Cisco routers to work
together to present the appearance of a single virtual default-gateway
to end devices on a LAN segment.
What is the difference between a Public IP address and a Private IP
address?
Answer: Public address space is a unique address that is assigned to a
company. Private address space is not recognized by the Internet and
can be used by anyone within their private network.
What does AAA stand for?
Answer:
Authentication, authorization, and accounting
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The H.323 protocol is used for what?

Answer: H.323 is used for multi service (multimedia) applications,
usually in a Voice Over IP environment.
What type of routing protocol maintains neighbors?
Answer- Link State
what is the range of values for administrative distance?
Answer: 0-255
Describe the difference between uni cast, multi cast, and broadcast
traffic?
Answer: Unicast traffic flows from a single source to a single
destination MAC address. Multicast traffic flows from a single source
MAC address to many destinations and uses a functional MAC address.
Broadcast traffic is from a single source to all devices on the Ethernet
segment. This is specified by a destination MAC address of all ones.

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What are the four different Ethernet encapsulation types?

Answer: From the Cisco IPX encapsulation command they are ARPA,
NOVEL-ETHER, SAP and SNAP
What are the three main tasks of a transparent bridge?
Answer: Learning, Forwarding, Filtering
What type of routing protocol is EIGRP?
Answer: Hybrid
While troubleshooting a connectivity problem on the network, you
issue the ping command from your PC command prompt, but the
output shows request times out. At which OSI layer is this problem
associated with?
Answer: The Network Layer
What algorithm does OSPF use to compute its route table?
Answer: OSPF uses the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm, which is also
known as the Dijkstra algorithm.
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What is a stub area?

Answer: A stub area is an area that does not accept routing updates from
outside its autonomous system.
What does the TTL field of an IP packet header do?
Answer: The TTL field indicates the maximum time that a packet can be
on the network. Each router that processes this packet decrements the
TTL value by 1. If the value reaches zero, the packet is discarded from
the network. The purpose of this field is to eliminate the possibility of a
packet endlessly traversing the network.
What is the primary purpose of a LAN?
Answer: The primary purpose of a local-area network is to allow resource
sharing. The resources may be devices, applications, or information.
Examples of shared resources are files, databases, e-mail, modems, and
printers.
What is a protocol?
Answer: A protocol is an agreed-upon set of rules. In data
communications,
the rules usually govern a procedure or a format.
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What is the purpose of a MAC protocol?

Answer: A Media Access Control protocol defines how a given LAN
medium is shared, how LAN devices connected to the medium are
identified, and how frames transmitted onto the medium are
What is a frame?
Answer: A frame is a digital envelope that provides the information
necessary for the delivery of data across a data link. Typical components
of a frame are identifiers (addresses) of the source and destination
devices on the data link, an indicator of the type of data enclosed in the
frame, anderor-checking information.
What feature is common to all frame types?
Answer: A feature common to all frame types is a format for identifying
devices on the data link.
What is a MAC address or MAC identifier?
Answer: A Media Access Control address or identifier is a means by
which individual devices connected to a data link are uniquely identified
for the purpose of delivering data.
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Why is a MAC address not a true address?

Answer: An address specifies a location. A MAC address is not a true
address because it is permanently associated with the interface of a
specific device and moves whenever the device moves. A MAC identifies
the device, not the location of the device.
What are the three sources of signal degradation on a data link?
Answer: The three sources of signal degradation on a data link are
attenuation, interference, and distortion. Attenuation is a function of the
resistance of the medium. Interference is a function of noise entering the
medium. Distortion is a function of the reactive characteristics of the
medium, which react differently to different frequency components of
the signal.
What is the purpose of a repeater?
Answer: A repeater is a device that extends the useful range of a
physical medium by reading a degraded signal and producing a clean
copy of the signal.
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What is the purpose of a bridge?

Answer: A bridge is a device that increases the capacity of a LAN. A bridge
divides the data link into segments, forwarding only traffic that is
generated on one segment and is destined for another segment. By
controlling and limiting the traffic on a data link, more devices may be
attached to the LAN.
What makes a transparent bridge transparent?
Answer: A transparent bridge listens promiscuously on each of its ports.
That is, it examines all frames on all media to which it is attached. It
records the source MAC identifiers of the frames, and the ports on which it
learns the identifiers, in a bridging table. It can then refer to the table
when deciding whether to filter or forward a frame. The bridge is
transparent because it performs this learning function independently of the
devices that originate the frames. The end devices themselves have no
knowledge of the bridge.

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Name three fundamental differences between LANs and WANs?

Answer: Three fundamental differences between local-area and widearea networks are:
LANs are limited to a small geographic area, such as a single building or
small campus.WANs cover a large geographic area, from citywide to
worldwide.
LANs usually consist entirely of privately owned components. Some
components of a WAN, such as a packet switching network or point-topoint serial links, are usually leased from a service provider.
A LAN provides high bandwidth at a relatively cheap price. The
bandwidth across a WAN is significantly more expensive.
What is the purpose of a broadcast MAC identifier? What is the
broadcast MAC identifier, in hex and in binary?
Answer: A broadcast MAC identifier, when used as the destination
address of a frame, signifies that the data is for all devices attached to
the data link. In binary, the broadcast MAC identifier is all ones. In hex,
it is ffff.ffff.ffff.
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