Distributed generation of

Power into HYBRID SYSTEMS

ByJanmejaya Mishra
MT/PSE/08
1507105137

INTRODUCTION
Economic, technology and environmental
incentives are changing the features of
electricity generation and transmission.
Centralized generating facilities are converging
to smaller and more distributed generation
partially in the purpose of deducing the loss
from traditional economies of scale. Distributed
generation encompasses a wide range of prime
mover technologies, such as internal combustion
(IC) engines, gas turbines, micro turbines,
photovoltaic, fuel cells, wind-power etc.

Distributed generations
A list of DG models, short-term storage models, load models, utility grid model
and transmission line models is given as below:
Load and Utility Grid:
1) Utility grid
2) Three phase constant/dynamic load
3) Transmission Line
) Distributed Generators:
1) Photovoltaic Cell (PV Cell)
2) Micro Gas Turbine
3) Diesel Generator
4) Wind Turbine
5) Fuel Cell
6) Biomass generator
) Short-term Storage:
1) Flywheel
2) Pumped Hydro Storage
3) Battery Storage
4) Super capacitor

Biomass Potential
Firstly, biomass resources from the
carpentry workshop
This waste comes in two forms:
1. Sawdust
2. Small pieces of wood that cannot
be used for other purposes

Calorific Value of Sawdust

Calorific Value of Small Wood Pieces

Biomass Potential from the

Plantations

PV Solar Generation
A PV cell consists of a semiconductor material,
such as crystalline silicon (c-Si).
Mono crystalline cells are typically more
expensive and has a higher module efficiency
than poly crystalline modules

 The challenges with integrating solar PV systems

have been linked to the high cost of the technology
from a long time but not now
The development has made solar power become
more affordable also in developing countries like
India
In India, Govt. provides various subsidy benefits for
renewable source of energy setups especially Solar
energy
Rural use of renewable electricity and focus on
micro grids has increased with the price reductions
in solar power

Reduction of Cost in Solar

implementations over years

Hydro Generation

Fuel Cell

Wind-Diesel-Battery system
Many locations have not even enough wind turbines to start
for a long time, in addition to the chaotic and unpredictable
nature of wind, posing in many locations many consecutive
days of calm. In general, wind turbines make sense only if
the average wind speed at the at the hub height of the wind
turbine is something more than 4 or 5 m/s .
Regarding diesel generator (gasoline for low-power
systems), despite being a non-renewable source their
presence implies considerable autonomy and can reduce
the size of the batteries. Overall the diesel generator in the
hybrid system can mean a reduction in the cost of energy
(provided that the diesel works a few hours a year and
assuming a price inflation for diesel fuel not too high), and
also a reduction of global emissions

Typical Configuration of a Hybrid Micro

Grid

Control of Hybrid Micro-Grid

RT-LAB (Real-time Simulation)
The RT-LAB simulation software enables the parallel
simulation of power to realize for electrical systems for
several drives and electric circuits on clusters of PC
running RT-Linux operating systems at sample time below
5s . One of the most attractive advantages is that the
standard Matlab/Simulink models can be used directly
without writing any other code.
RT-LAB build computation and communication tasks
necessary to effectively make parallel simulation of
electrical systems on low cost off-the-shelf PC technology

CONCLUSION
Hybrid power systems are said to be the future of power
generation as the non-renewable fossil fuels are depleting
day by day and will get over soon, by that time these
power systems should have taken over to fill the void.
As the alternatives are free from emission of CO 2 and
other greenhouse gases that cause global warming, they
can be deemed as environment friendly.
There can be complete power utilization and sale of
excess power into universal supply grid to which we dont
have to rely on.
Above all stability and controllability of electrical supply.

References
E. Muljadi and J.T. Bialasiewicz,Hybrid power
system with a controlled energy storage,
IEEE Ind, Electron. Soc. Annu. Meeting Conf,
Virginia, USA, vol. 2, 2-6 Nov. 2003, pp. 1296 1301.
S.-K. Kim, J.-H. Jeon, C.-H. Cho, J.-B. Ahn, and
S.-H. Kwon, Dynamic modelling and control of
a grid-connected hybrid generation system
with versatile power transfer, IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 16771688, Apr.
2008.