Cell

Organisation

 Unicellular organisms are organisms which

consist of single cell.
Although simple, they are able to perform all
vital functions and living processes within a cell.
They can feed, respire, excrete and move.
They are sensitive to external and internal
conditions, and are able to reproduce and
grow.

Amoeba sp.

Habitat
Live in freshwater lakes, are
also abundant in damp soil
Living processes
Feeding

Amoeba sp.

Locomotion
Respiration
Excretion

General characteristics
Enclosed by a plasma membrane.
Changes its shape constantly as it
meets obstacles and responds to
stimuli.

Respond to
stimuli
Reproduction

Feeding

Living
processes of
amoeba sp.

Reproduction

Locomotion
Respiration
Excretion
Responses to
stimuli

Cell
Specialisation in
multicellular
organisms

Cell

The smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all

the functions of living things

Tissue
Organ
System

A group of cells of the same type that

perform a specific function in organism

Several types of tissue that carry out a

particular function
Several organs working together to
perform a function

Organism

All the systems make up a

multicellular organism.

Cell organisation in the

formation of tissues,
organs and systems in
animals

Some of the humans cells and their functions

Cell

Function

Muscle cell

Able to contract and relax and are

involved in movement

White blood
cell

Involves in defence of the body against

diseases

Red blood cell Transports oxygen

Nerve cell
Sperm

Receives and sends out nerve impulses

Fertilises the ovum

There are 4 major types of tissues in animals:

Epithelial tissues
Muscle tissues
Connective tissues
Nerve tissues

Epithelial Tissue
Form a skin surface and protect the
tissue beneath it.
Form a lining layer for tubes or lines the
cavities of the body.
Protect against infection, mechanical
injuries and dehydration.
Undergo changes to form glands.

Muscle Tissue
Most abundant tissue in the body

Smooth muscle
Contraction and
relaxation for
involuntary body
activities
(peristalsis
along digestive
tract)

Skeletal muscle
Voluntary
movements
Contract and
relax to move
the bone

Cardiac muscle
Contract to
pump blood to
all parts of the
body.
Involuntary
movements

Connective tissue
Hold the body together.
For example, bone,
cartilage, blood,
tendons, ligament.

Nerve Tissue
Transmits and coordinates messages
around the body.

systems

organs

tissues

cells

Systems

Discards toxic
waste products

Produces off
spring

Breaks down
complex food into
simple
substances for
easy absorption
by body cells

Absorbs and transports

oxygen and discards
carbon dioxide

Transports food
substances,
oxygen, hormones
and others to the
entire body

Provides bodily
support and
protection to solf
internal organs
Produces
hormones that
control the bodily
activities
Defends the body
against disease

Helps in movement
of the body.

Skin surface to
protects the tissue
beneath it.
Coordinates and
controls all bodily
activities related to
impulses and reactions

Cell organisation in
plants

Some of the plants cells and their functions

Cell

Function

Parenchyma
For support and storage
cell
Xylem

Transports water and mineral salts

Sieve tube
element

Transports organic product of

photosynthesis

Companion
cell

Regulates the metabolic activity of sieve

tube element

For protection and covering of other cells

Epidermal cell
beneath

Tissues of plants
Meristemic
tissue

permanent
tissue

Small cell, thin walls, large

nuklei, dense cytoplasm, no
vacuole.
Young, actively dividing

Epidermal
tissues

Form a layer to cover,

protect entire surface of
plant and reduces water
loss

Vascular
tissues

Ground
tissues

Provides support
and strengthens
the plants

Transports
water, food and
support

Bears flowers,
fruits, buds and
leaves

Anchors the plant,

absorbs water and
mineral, stores food.