Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
to DSS
&
Data Warehousing
Concepts
Atul Gandre
TATA
INFOTECH Ltd
Contents
What is DSS ?
DSS architecture and its components
Extraction, Transformation & Loading
Data Access & Analysis
Data marts
Data Mining
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What is DSS?
Management
Objectives
Increased profits
Improved margins
Reduced overheads
Larger market share
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Sales Value
Volume
Profit / Margins
Market Share
% growth
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Sales value
% of target met
% over last year
By region
By product
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Can Transaction
systems answer such
The problems :
?
queries
Highly normalised structures
make queries more complex
Increase in complexity of queries due to :
DSS - a definition
Decision Support Systems use computers to
facilitate the decision making process of semi
structured tasks. These systems are designed not
to replace managerial judgement but to support
it and make the decisions more effective. DSS
helps managers react quickly to changing needs.
- W H Inmon
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INFOTECH Ltd
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Operational
Detailed data
No redundancy
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Analytical
Gather strategic information
Constant prototype mode
Detailed and summarized data
Redundancy allowed
Data is normally loaded
Amount of data used in a process is
large
Serves the managerial community
- W H Inmon
11
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INFOTECH Ltd
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DSS Architecture
External
Sources
Data Mining
EIS
OR
Data
Extraction,
Scrubbing, &
Transformation
OLAP
AI
Data Sources
(Operational
Systems)
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Data
Warehouse
Data Access
13
...DSS Architecture
The DSS Architecture consists of...
Extraction of data from various operational systems
on different platforms, then transforming and
loading to the Data Warehouse
The Data Warehouse contains historical data as well
as current data.
The data in the Data Warehouse is accessed by the
front-end tools
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INFOTECH Ltd
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Data Warehouse :
Another definition
A Data Warehouse is a
subject-oriented,
integrated,
time variant and
non-volatile
collection of data in support of
managements decision-making process.
- W H Inmon
TATA
INFOTECH Ltd
16
Characteristics of a
Data Warehouse
The DW provides access to
corporate / organizational data
The data in the DW is consistent
The data in the DW can be separated and combined by
means of every possible measure in the business
The DW is where data is published
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Product
Other Names
Star Join Schema, Star Schema,
Multidimensional model
Ruby
Emerald
Saffire
East
West
North
SalesRevenue
North
Emerald
1Q96
Sales
Product
Dimension tables
Region
Customer
Snowflake Design
Snowflake refers to normalising dimension
tables
Creating Outrigger tables containing
containing descriptions of codes in dimension table
containing additional attributes
Store
District
Location
Region
Product
Sales Fact
Sales Assoc.
Month
Day
Season
Time
Seller
Sales Dept.
Operational
Systems
Data Extraction
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Data Warehouse
EIS
Data Upload
Data
Transformation
27
Data Extraction
The Extract program
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Data transformation
Integrating dissimilar data types
Changing codes
Adding a time attribute
Summarising data
Calculating derived values
Denormalising data
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Data loading
31
ETL Tools
Informatica
Ardent DataStage
Oracle Warehouse Builder
Microsoft Data Transformation
Service(DTS)
32
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Reporting Tools
Microstrategy
Business Objects
Cognos
Brio
Hyperion
34
What is OLAP?
OLAP is an On-line Analytical processing
technology which creates new business
information from existing data , through a rich
set of business transformations and numerical
calculations.
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INFOTECH Ltd
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OLAP Characteristics
Always involves interactive query and analysis of the
data. The interaction is usually multiple passes
Involves drilling down into successively lower levels
of detail data
Involves roll-ups to higher levels of summarization
and aggregation.
Offers analytical modelling capabilities
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INFOTECH Ltd
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Data marts
Architecture
Characteristics
Example
37
Data Mining
EIS
OR
Data
Extraction,
Scrubbing, &
Transformation
OLAP
AI
Data Sources
(Operational
Systems)
TATA
INFOTECH Ltd
Data
Warehouse
Data Mart
Data Access
38
39
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Data mining
capabilities
Discovery of unknown patterns
Prediction of trends and behaviors
Discovery of anomalies in data
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