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Introduction
DIPESH ADLAKHA
SDVT
Highlights
Introduction to IPTV & Internet TV
Network Architecture &
Components
Protocols in use
Delivering Broadcast over IP
Delivering Video On Demand
Quality of Experience
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What is IPTV?
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The difference
IPTV exist in a closed network (limited scope of users).
Internet TV is accessible everywhere, but requires a
subscription.
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What is Revolutionary ?
Provides Interactive TV Programs & Other Entertainment
Interactive applications
Satellite maps
Online shopping, ticket booking etc.
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Network Architecture
Components of IPTV
Media Content
TV Headend
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IPTV Middleware
Broadband IP Network
KEY PROTOCOLS
HTTP
Request
Middle ware
communication
(hyper-texttransfer-protocol)
Response
play
RTSP
(real time streaming
protocol)
pause
VoD data
record
IGMP
- connecting to multicast stream (TV channel)
- changing from one channel to another
Live TV
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Media delivery
Control/Signaling
IGMP
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Multicast Type
One-to-Many
One-Way Multicast
Single Source Multicast (SSM)
One sender
Audio/Video broadcast
Information push
Multicast file transfer
Many-to-Many
Many senders
Audio/video conferences
Distributed computing
Two-Way Multicast
Any Source Multicast(ASM)
Many-to-One
Many senders
Voting / Auctions
Control protocols
Internet Multicast Applications
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Streaming / RTSP
RTSP is like a network remote control for multimedia servers
RTSP establishes and controls streams of continuous media
Streaming data is carried out of band (interleaving is possible)
RTSP Methods
Method
DESCRIBE
ANNOUNCE
GET_PARAMETER
OPTIONS
PAUSE
PLAY
RECORD
REDIRECT
SETUP
SET_ PARAMETER
TEARDOWN
Description
Retrieves the description of a presentation
Posts the description of a presentation
Retrieves the value of a parameter
Queries the available methods
Streams delivery is halted temporarily
Starts sending data
Starts receiving data
Informs to connect another server location
Specifies the transport mechanism
Requests to set the value of a parameter
Stops the stream delivery and frees the resources
Slide 16
Encoding and Compression The quality of a transmission can be affected from the source depending on the encoding
technique and level of compression. Generally speaking increased compression leads to a poorer video quality but a
smaller data stream. There is a tradeoff between bandwidth and compression level.
Jitter in IPTV transmission is defined as a short-term variation in the packet arrival time. Jitter is typically caused by network
or server congestion. To help combat jitter, STBs use buffers to smooth out the arrival times of the data packets. I the buffer
overflows or underflows, at the STB, there is often a degradation of the video output.
Limited Bandwidth Bandwidth availability is often an issue that affects the access network or the customers home
network. When traffic utilizes the entire bandwidth, packets are dropped, leading to video quality degradation.
network congestion
failed links
transmission errors
Packet loss usually presents a bursty behavior, commonly related to periods of network congestion.
Delay Factor
Metric
QoE
Packet loss
Jitter
Latency
QoS
IPTV System Metrics
Network Metrics
Description
Video quality of experience measured via
Media Delivery Index (MDI), most often displayed as
two numbers separated by a colon: delay factor (DF)
and the media loss rate (MLR)
CPU
Memory
Buffer utilization
CIR utilization
Queue drops
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QUESTIONS ?
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References
http://www.exfo.com/Solutions/FTTx-Access-Networks/FTTN-Networks/IPTV-Technology-Overview/
http://
www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/switches/datacenter/nexus1000/sw/4_0/layer2/configuration/guide/l2_5igmp_sno
op.pdf
http://
www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/switches/lan/catalyst6500/ios/12.2SXF/native/configuration/guide/snooigmp.pdf
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2236.txt
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BACKUP Slides
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Internet
World
DSLAM
AAA
Radius
Server
DSL CPE
POTS
Splitter
BRAS
Billing
Server
STB
Media
gatewa
y for
VoIP
S
D
Video Head
End
TELCO PSTN NW
VoIP
Network
Multicast Address
Class D IP addresses224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 also referred to as Group
Proxy reporting
Destination Addresses IGMP
(GDA).
snooping with proxy reporting or report suppression actively
filters IGMP packets in order to reduce load on the multicast router.[1]
Joins and leaves heading upstream to the router are filtered so that only
the minimal quantity of information is sent. The switch is trying to
ensure the router only has a single entry for the group, regardless of
how many active listeners there are. If there are two active listeners in a
group and the first one leaves, then the switch determines that the
router
not need
this information since it does not affect the status
corresponds does
to MAC
01-00-5e-14-14-14.
of the group from the router's point of view. However the next time there
corresponds
to MAC
is a routine
query01-00-5e-0a-0a-0a.
from the router the switch will forward the reply from
the remaining host, to prevent the router from believing there are no
active listeners. It follows that in active IGMP snooping, the router will
generally only know about the most recently joined member of the
group.
IGMP querier
In order for IGMP, and thus IGMP snooping, to function, a multicast
router must exist on the network and generate IGMP queries. The tables
created for snooping (holding the member ports for each a multicast
group) are associated with the querier. Without a querier the tables are
not created and snooping will not work. Furthermore IGMP general
queries must be unconditionally forwarded by all switches involved in
IGMP snooping.[1] Some IGMP snooping implementations include full
querier capability. Others are able to proxy and retransmit queries from
the multicast router.
For each GDA there is an associated MAC address. This MAC address is formed by
01-00-5e, followed by the last 23 bits of the GDA translated into hex, as shown below.
239.20.20.20
239.10.10.10
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IGMP snooping
process of listening to Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) network traffic. The
feature allows a network switch to listen in on the IGMP conversation between hosts and
routers. By listening to these conversations the switch maintains a map of which links
need which IP multicast streams. Multicasts may be filtered from the links which do not
need them and thus controls which ports receive specific multicast traffic.
A switch will, by default, flood multicast traffic to all the ports in a broadcast domain (or the
VLAN equivalent). Multicast can cause unnecessary load on host devices by requiring
them to process packets they have not solicited. When purposefully exploited this is
known as one variation of a denial-of-service attack. IGMP snooping is designed to
prevent hosts on a local network from receiving traffic for a multicast group they have not
explicitly joined. It provides switches with a mechanism to prune multicast traffic from links
that do not contain a multicast listener (an IGMP client).
IGMP snooping allows a switch to only forward multicast traffic to the links that have
solicited them. Essentially, IGMP snooping is a layer 2 optimization for the layer 3 IGMP.
IGMP snooping takes place internally on switches and is not a protocol feature. Snooping
is therefore especially useful for bandwidth-intensive IP multicast applications such as
IPTV.
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Proxy reporting
IGMP snooping with proxy reporting or report suppression actively filters IGMP packets in order to
reduce load on the multicast router.[1] Joins and leaves heading upstream to the router are filtered so that
only the minimal quantity of information is sent. The switch is trying to ensure the router only has a single
entry for the group, regardless of how many active listeners there are. If there are two active listeners in a
group and the first one leaves, then the switch determines that the router does not need this information
since it does not affect the status of the group from the router's point of view. However the next time
there is a routine query from the router the switch will forward the reply from the remaining host, to
prevent the router from believing there are no active listeners. It follows that in active IGMP snooping, the
router will generally only know about the most recently joined member of the group.
IGMP querier
In order for IGMP, and thus IGMP snooping, to function, a multicast router must exist on the network and
generate IGMP queries. The tables created for snooping (holding the member ports for each a multicast
group) are associated with the querier. Without a querier the tables are not created and snooping will not
work. Furthermore IGMP general queries must be unconditionally forwarded by all switches involved in
IGMP snooping.[1] Some IGMP snooping implementations include full querier capability. Others are able
to proxy and retransmit queries from the multicast router.
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