Analyse factorielle

Dfinition
L'analyse factorielle exploratoire ( exploratory factor
analysis) dcrit un ensemble de variables par une
combinaison linaire de facteurs communs sous-jacents.
La variance d'une variable originale peut tre
dcompose en une part commune aux autres variables,
explique par les facteurs, nomme communalit de la
variable (communality), et en une part spcifique,
nomme variance spcifique (specific variance).
Lanalyse factorielle confirmatoire consiste en la
vrification de la capacit dun modle thorique
expliquer la variance commune entre plusieurs variables
laide de variables latentes identifies
priori

Analyse factorielle
exploratoire

Utilisations
Rduction des donnes: rduire un nombre
important de variables quelques facteurs
qui expliquent un pourcentage important de la
variance des variables originales
Identification: identifier des facteurs latents
sous-jacents une srie des variables
Triage: identifier des groupes de variables
hautement corrles afin den slectionner
une pour des analyses subsquentes

Extraction
L'analyseencomposantesprincipales(Principal
componentsanalysis)chercheunesolutionqui(a)
maximiselavarianceexpliqueet(b)avecdes
composantesorthogonales(c'estdire
indpendantesentreelles).
L'analysefactorielle(Factoranalysis)prsumeque
chaquevariablepossdeunevarianceencommun
avecaumoinsuneautrevariableainsiquune
varianceuniquereprsentantsonpropreapport.
Elletented'expliquerlavariancequiestcommune
aumoinsdeuxvariables(facteur).

Rotation
Rotationorthogonale:Onutilisecette
rotationlorsquel'oncroitquelesfacteurs
sontindpendantslesunsdesautres
(orthogonale).
Rotationoblique:Larotationoblique
permetdescorrlationsentrelesfacteurs.

Exemple: Maslach burnout

Correlation

DEPER1
DEPER2
DEPER3

DEPER1
1.000
.308
.281

DEPER2
.308
1.000
.514

DEPER3
.281
.514
1.000

DEPER4
.429
.268
.166

DEPER5
.208
.228
.177

DEPER6
.272
.242
.141

DEPER7
.265
.237
.254

PA1
.044
.118
-.046

PA2
.100
.004
.160

PA3

DEPER4
DEPER5
DEPER6

.429
.208
.272

.268
.228
.242

.166
.177
.141

1.000
.535
.426

.535
1.000
.591

.426
.591
1.000

.275
.197
.154

.161
.044
.001

-.001
-.068
-.001

DEPER7
PA1
PA2
PA3

.265
.044
.100
.075

.237
.118
.004
-.005

.254
-.046
.160
.087

.275
.161
-.001
-.048

.197
.044
-.068
-.003

.154
.001
-.001
-.091

1.000
.025
-.002
.026

.025
1.000
-.621
-.555

-.002
-.621
1.000
.636

PA4
PA5
PA6
PA7

.117
.059
.092
.113

.087
.151
.099
.229

.082
.162
.155
.250

.068
.139
.153
.148

.033
.088
.057
.225

.004
.015
.050
.226

.018
.196
.138
.383

.385
.287
.213
.015

-.341
-.198
-.085
.038

PA8
PA9
PA10

.172
.063
.163

.275
.143
.266

.284
.175
.232

.172
.145
.153

.263
.169
.248

.186
.171
.194

.359
.350
.312

.021
.103
.037

.072
-.038
.076

PA11
PA12
PA13
PA14

.179
.093
.073
-.008

.098
.065
.089
-.014

.094
.056
.165
.109

.148
.089
.064
-.006

.041
.030
-.015
-.063

.023
.034
-.052
-.071

.192
.170
.083
.019

.346
.389
.245
.167

-.200
-.161
-.160
-.209

PA15
PA16
EE1

.021
.165
.197

.127
.223
.343

.134
.190
.376

.082
.099
.116

.171
.207
.165

.188
.161
.223

.321
.312
.214

.106
.022
-.005

-.026
.090
.151

Distances
Derived Stimulus Configuration
Euclidean distance model
1.5
pa6
pa12
pa11

1.0

pa1

pa5

pa14

pa4
pa13

pa15
.5pa7
pa9
pa16
pa8
pa10
0.0
deper7

-.5
-1.0

deper4

deper3
deper2

deper1
deper5

-1.5

deper6

-2.0
-1.5

-1.0

Dimension 1

-.5

0.0

.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

SPSS

Critres dextraction
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin - le montant de la
variance commune entre les variables
Test de sphricit de Bartlett- est-ce que la
matrice de correlation est issue dun matrice
identit
Critre de Kaiser (Kaiser, 1960)
Scree test (Cattell, 1966)
Variance explique
Interprtabilit

Extraction - Rotation

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
La mesure de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin est un indice
d'adquation de la solution factorielle. Un KMO
lev indique qu'il existe une solution factorielle
statistiquement acceptable qui reprsente les
relations entre les variables. Une valeur de KMO

de moins de .5 est inacceptable

.5 est mauvaise
.6 est mdiocre
.7 est moyenne
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of S ampling Adequac y.
.8 est bonne
Bartlett's Test of
Approx. Chi-S quare
.9 est suberbe
S pheric ity

df
S ig.

.885
2157.095
120
.000

Scree test
Scree Plot
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1

Component Number

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Critre de Kaiser
Total Variance Explained

Component
1
2

Initial Eigenvalues
Total
% of Varianc e Cumulative %
5.731
35.817
35.817
2.192
13.699
49.516

3
4
5

1.188
1.006
.833

7.426
6.285
5.208

56.942
63.227
68.435

6
7
8
9

.803
.641
.542
.502

5.016
4.008
3.390
3.138

73.451
77.459
80.848
83.987

10
11
12
13

.483
.420
.397
.388

3.017
2.628
2.479
2.422

87.004
89.631
92.110
94.532

14
15
16

.339
.304
.232

2.117
1.903
1.448

96.649
98.552
100.000

Extrac tion Method: Princ ipal Component Analysis.

Extrac tion S ums of S quared Loadings

Total
% of Varianc e Cumulative %
5.731
35.817
35.817
2.192
13.699
49.516

Rotation S ums of S quared Loadings

Total
% of Varianc e Cumulative %
4.974
31.088
31.088
2.949
18.429
49.516

Matrice factorielle sans rotation

Factor Matrix

Fac tor
1
EE1
EE2

.775
.674

2
-.176
-.304

EE3
EE4
EE5

.677
.592
.860

-.240
2.649E-02
-.210

EE6
EE7
EE8
EE9

.734
.552
.571
.730

-4.724E-02
-.169
4.123E-02
-.284

DEPER1
DEPER2
DEPER3
DEPER4

.387
.454
.471
.343

.366
.263
.141
.653

DEPER5
DEPER6
DEPER7

.322
.304
.365

.593
.509
.228

Extrac tion Method: Princ ipal Axis Fac toring.

a. 2 fac tors extrac ted. 7 iterations required.

Rsultat: matrice factorielle avec

rotation
Rotated Component Matrix

EE5
EE9

Component
2
.857
.181
.805
2.258E-02

EE1
EE2
EE3

.787
.769
.753

.178
5.922E-03
3.498E-02

EE6
EE7
EE4
EE8

.703
.623
.563
.540

.284
7.111E-02
.297
.310

DEPER4 -1.966E-03
DEPER5 1.305E-02
DEPER6 3.434E-02
DEPER1
.136

.779
.750
.698
.595

DEPER2
DEPER7
DEPER3

.511
.434
.391

.297
.255
.390

Extrac tion Method: Princ ipal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normaliz ation.
a. Rotation c onverged in 3 iterations.

Critres de rtention dune

variable
Communautreprsentelavariancedechaque
variablequipeuttreexpliqueparl'ensemble
desautresvariables.Lacommunautdoittre
>.20pourretenirunevariabledansl'analyse.
Crossloading:Quandunevariableestcorrle
substantiellement(saturationfactorielleplus
grandeque0.30)plusd'unfacteur.

Communaut
Communalities
DEPER1
DEPER2
DEPER3

Initial
1.000
1.000
1.000

Extrac tion
.372
.349
.305

DEPER4
DEPER5
DEPER6

1.000
1.000
1.000

.606
.563
.489

DEPER7
EE1
EE2
EE3

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.254
.652
.591
.568

EE4
EE5
EE6
EE7

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

.405
.767
.575
.393

EE8
EE9

1.000
1.000

.387
.648

Extrac tion Method: Princ ipal Component Analysis.

Comment construire des

variables

Analyze -> Scale -> Reliability

Analysis

Analyse factorielle
confirmatoire

Modle

Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = 355.27

90 Percent Confidence Interval for NCP = (292.69 ; 425.39)
Minimum Fit Function Value = 1.53
Population Discrepancy Function Value (F0) = 1.17
90 Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (0.96 ; 1.40)
Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.11
90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.097 ; 0.12)
P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.00

Goodness
of fit

Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) = 1.73

90 Percent Confidence Interval for ECVI = (1.52 ; 1.96)
ECVI for Saturated Model = 0.89
ECVI for Independence Model = 17.58
Chi-Square for Independence Model with 120 Degrees of Freedom = 5312.46
Independence AIC = 5344.46
Model AIC = 525.27
Saturated AIC = 272.00
Independence CAIC = 5419.98
Model CAIC = 685.76
Saturated CAIC = 913.96
Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.91
Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.92
Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.78
Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.93
Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.93
Relative Fit Index (RFI) = 0.90
Critical N (CN) = 91.08
Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.15
Standardized RMR = 0.15
Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.84
Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.79
Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI) = 0.63