Spreadsheets

First thing to do (Excel):

Tools Customize

Spreadsheets
What is a spreadsheet?

Purpose is to crunch numbers

Spreadsheets
What is a spreadsheet?
Boxes in a matrix
Rows

(matris)

named cell

(hcre)

(sira)

Columns

(kolon)

Worksheets/sheets
Formula Bar

Spreadsheets
Data in the cell:

Values can be text, numbers, dates and calculations

To enter data: click in cell and type
Text is left-aligned
Numbers, dates and calculations are right-aligned
Data/calculation entry in the cell, editing on the
Formula Bar
Formula Bar: View Formula Bar

Spreadsheets
What is a spreadsheet?
Calculation

(hesap):

like algebra

Spreadsheet displays

(gstermek)

(cebir),

but backwards

answers

Calculation start with equals sign =

What you typed

Math class

4+2=

Excel/computing

=4+2

The calculated
answer
5

OpenOffice Mouse Shapes

Mouse shapes:
+

Autofill

312

213

Select Cell

10

256

87

Move

11

274

135

12

299

215

Edit cell contents

13

47

198

14
15
16

Excel Mouse Shapes

Mouse shapes:
+ Autofill
Select Cell

312

213

10

256

87

Move Cell contents

11

274

135

12

299

215

Edit cell contents

13

47

198

14
15
16

Spreadsheets
Editing cell content

(iindekiler):

Done in cell (not recommended, but it works)

Double-click to start
Hit Enter to exit
Edit in Formula Bar
Click to enter
Hit Enter to exit

(good idea)

Spreadsheets
Operators used:

+ for addition/add/sum
- for subtract/minus

(arti)

Shift + 4

(eksi)

* for multiply/times/product
/ for divide/division/quotient
^ for exponents/powers

hyphen
(arpa)
(blm)

(s)

Left of hyphen
Shift + 7
Shift + 3

Different keyboards in different places

Alt Gr
Shift
Normal
Alt Gr

+
4
$

Spreadsheets
Spreadsheets:

Calculations can hold:

Numbers (constants - sabit)
Variables (cell addresses deiken)
Variables in Excel are cell addresses; not X
Dates/times (really numbers)

=(8+12)*2

=today()+90

=A1+B12

=15/9/06-90

=A1*4

10

Spreadsheets
Order of operation:
Parenthesis
Exponents

(parantez)

(s)

Left to right, multiply

(arpma)

Left to right, add

and subtract

(arti)

and divide

(blme)

(eksi)

=12-3*(3+2)*4/2+3*4-2
=12-3* 5 *4/2+3*4-2
=1230
+ 12 -2
-8 =1230
+ 12 -2

11

Percentages
Percentage

(yuzde):
A part compared to the whole

Product 1

6,000.00

Product 2

10,000.00

8,000.00
6,000.00

Product 3

8,000.00

24,000.00

=25%
=33%

24,000.00

12

Percentages
Percentage

(yuzde):
a ratio based in 100
percent
cent(um): each 100 or by the 100
yuzde

20 25
x
%25
= 25%
80 100
13

Percentages
Decimals and Percentage:

A %20 indirim on a 50 YTL good

A 15% increase in your 3.000, YTL pay
: 3.450,

On
ce:
50
YTL
Sim
di:
40
YTL
14

Percentages
Decimals and Percentage:
Percentage: by the 1/100

Decimalizing percentages
percentage to decimal: 2 to the left
decimal to percentage: 2 to the right

.50. = 50%
.30.% = .30
15

Percentages
Decimals and Percentage:
Add %15 to 3.000:

3.000
300
150
3.450

(original number)
(add 10%)
(add 5%)
(answer)

16

Percentages
Decimals and Percentage:

Multiplication: 1 is identity property

Decimals are percentages
Find percentage change by multiplying by 1

15% increase = * 1.15

3.000
* 1,15
3.450,

100%

15%

17

Percentages
Finding percentage change:

1 +/- the percentage as a decimal

10% decrease same as: * 0.9

(1 - .1)

Can enter using percentages

C
9

D
312

=C9
* .9
=C9
* 90%

18

Selecting
Selecting tells what you will work on:

Can select a cell, group of cells, or row/column

Can select all

(Ctrl + A)

19

Cell Alignments
Cell content is like text:

Can be aligned for L, C, R and justify

Numbers are R
Text is L

20

Aggregate Functions
Aggregate functions:
SUM

(TOPLA),

MIN

(MN),

MAX

(MAK),

AVERAGE

(Ortalama)

: = through ; = only

A3 is a domain

(stun),

D15 is the range

(sira)

A3:D15 is also called a named range or relation

Relation is also called a table (tablo - all the data)
What were doing
to where
through

=SUM(A3:D15)
from where

21

Spreadsheet Math
Order of operation:
Parenthesis
Exponents
Left to right, multiply and divide
Left to right, add and subtract

=(4+5)/3*2-(4*2)
= 9 /3*2- 8
-2 =
6
- 8
22

Excel and Cell Selection

Cell address (Excel):

In C4, add B3+E5

=B3+E5
Add Box B3
to
Box E5
23

Excel and Cell Selection

Product 1

6,000.00

Product 2

10,000.00

6,000.00

Product 3

8,000.00

24,000.00

=25%

24,000.00

A
1
2
3
4

Product 1

6000

Product 2

10000

Product 3

8000

Total

=SUM(B1:B3)

=B1/B4
=B2/SUM(B1:B3)

24

Spreadsheet Autofilling
Copy:

Duplicates data in new cells

Just like Word

(select Copy select Paste)

1
2
1
2

25

Spreadsheet Autofilling
Move:

Moves data directly

Again, like Word

(select click and drag drop)

1
2

1
2
26

Spreadsheet Autofilling
Autofill:

Allows continuation of the data

Select multiple cells and drag corner with thin plus
Numbers: 1, 2,
Dates: 8/3, 9/3, & Ocak, Subat,
Formats: A1, A2,

1
2

27

Autofilling
Autofilling:
C

312

213 =C9+D9525
87 =C10+D10
343 +

10

256

11

274

12

299

135 =C11+D11
409
215 =C12+D12
514

13

47

198 =C13+D13
245

14
15
16

28

Autofilling
Autofilling:

Parts

Whole

312

=312/1.205

=C9/C14*100

10

256

=256/0

=C10/C15*100

11

274

12

299

13
14

1.205

15
16

29

Absolute References
Autofilling:

Autofilled formulas referentially (referans) adjust

Row for row (satir); column for column (sutun)
..
$ turns of referential change

(makes absolute value)

=C4/D12*100
=C4/D$12*100
30

Absolute References
Autofilling:
C

312

=312/1.205

=C9/C$14*100

10

256

=256/1.205

=C10/C$14*100

11

274

12

299

13
14

1.205

15
16

31

Spreadsheet Math
Basic commands:

=A1+B1-C1*D1/E1+3^2
=(A7+B8)/C4
=Sum(A1:A7)

(sums, or adds [arti] numbers)

=Average(C23:G23)
=Count(A1:G14)

(ortalama)

(count [sayi] of numbers)

=Counta(A1:G14)

(count of text and numbers)

=Sum(A1:D7)-D2
=Sum(A1:C12)+Sum(G4:K27)
=IF(C4>3,C4+1000,C4)

(eer)
32

Spreadsheet Math
Aggregate functions:
SUM

(TOPLA),

MIN

(MIN),

MAX

(MAK),

Average

(Ortalama)

Can be performed on any rectangle of cells

=SUM(B3:D6)

What were doing

through

=SUM(B3:D6)
from where

to where

33

Spreadsheet Math
General rule:

: (colon) means all numbers

; (semi-colon) means only the listed cells
through

=SUM(B1:D4)

14

2
3

only

=SUM(B1;D4)

4
5

34

Spreadsheet Math
Summing

(Arti):
Also called adding
Can be used in combinations

(as all functions can be)

=SUM(A1:C12)
=SUM(A1:C12)+SUM(D4+G4)
35

Spreadsheet Math
Count

(Sayi):
How many are there?
Can count numbers only

(count)

Can count all characters

(counta: text, numbers, symbols)

=COUNT(A1:C12)
=COUNTA(C1:C12)
36

Spreadsheet Math
Min/Max

(Averages):
MIN is lowest number
MAX

(MAK)

(minimum)

is highest number

(maximum)

Turkish or English I

=MIN(C1:C12)
=MAX(C1:C12)
37

Spreadsheet Math
Central Tendency
Mean

(average number)

Median
Mode

(Averages):

(middle number in a range)

(most frequent number)

=AVERAGE(C1:C12)
=MEDIAN(C1:C12)
=MODE(C1:C12)
38

Spreadsheet Math
Aggregate functions:

through

from where

39

Spreadsheet Dates
Dates are really numbers:
January 1, 1900 = 00001
January 2, 1900 = 00002
October 31, 2005 = 38656
=today() uses date off processor
Watch your formatting
Use long years

(4/6 may be in April or June)

(i.e.: 2005 instead of 05)

40

Error Messages
Error messages:
#VALUE!
#REF!
#N/A

(wrong argument: adding text)

(improper cell reference/address)

(something is not available)

#NUM!

(invalid numbers in range/function)

41

Error Messages
Division and error messages:

Dividing zero is legal: answer is always 0

Dividing by zero is undefined: Error message/warning
#DIV/0! or #VALUE!

=C9/C10

#DIV/0!

#VALUE!

10

=SUM(C9:C13)

11

=COUNT(C9:C13)

12

=AVERAGE(C9:C13)

#DIV/0!

#VALUE!

13
42

Error Messages
Division and error messages:
#NAME? (#AD?)
Illegal function name

C
9

(wrong language)

=IF(
=IF(Logical Test,[value_if_true],[value_if_false])

43

Applications
Spreadsheets edit like word processors:
Tools and ideas very similar

Word processors organize data by words, sentences

and paragraphs
Spreadsheets organize data by cells, rows and
columns
1
2

The quick brown fox sits on the

field of green

1
2
44

Spreadsheet Math
Order of operation:
Parenthesis
Exponents
Left to right, multiply and divide
Left to right, add and subtract

=(4+5)/3*2-(4*2)
= 9 /3*2- 8
-2 =
6
- 8
45

Excel and Cell Selection

Cell address (Excel):

In C4, add B3+E5

=B3+E5
Add Box B3
to
Box E5
46

Excel and Cell Selection

Product 1

6,000.00

Product 2

10,000.00

6,000.00

Product 3

8,000.00

24,000.00

=25%

24,000.00

A
1
2
3
4

Product 1

6000

Product 2

10000

Product 3

8000

Total

=SUM(B1:B3)

=B1/B4
=B1/SUM(B1:B3)

47

Spreadsheet Autofilling
Copy:

Duplicates data in new cells

Just like Word

(select Copy select Paste)

1
2
1
2

48

Spreadsheet Autofilling
Move:

Moves data directly

Again, like Word

(select click and drag drop)

1
2

1
2
49

Spreadsheet Autofilling
Autofill:

Allows continuation of the data

Select multiple cells and drag corner with thin plus
Numbers: 1, 2,
Dates: 8/3, 9/3, & Ocak, Subat,
Formats: A1, A2,

1
2

50

Autofilling
Autofilling:
C

312

213 =C9+D9525
87 =C10+D10
343 +

10

256

11

274

12

299

135 =C11+D11
409
215 =C12+D12
514

13

47

198 =C13+D13
245

14
15
16

51

Autofilling
Autofilling:

Parts

Whole

312

=312/1.205

=C9/C14*100

10

256

=256/0

=C10/C15*100

11

274

12

299

13
14

1.205

15
16

52

Absolute References
Autofilling:

Autofilled formulas referentially (referans) adjust

Row for row (satir); column for column (sutun)
..
$ turns of referential change

(makes absolute value)

=C4/D12*100
=C4/D$12*100
53

Absolute References
Autofilling:
C

312

=312/1.205

=C9/C$14*100

10

256

=256/1.205

=C10/C$14*100

11

274

12

299

13
14

1.205

15
16

54

Spreadsheet Math
Basic commands:

=A1+B1-C1*D1/E1+3^2
=(A7+B8)/C4
=Sum(A1:A7)

(sums, or adds [arti] numbers)

=Average(C23:G23)
=Count(A1:G14)

(ortalama)

(count [sayi] of numbers)

=Counta(A1:G14)

(count of text and numbers)

=Sum(A1:D7)-D2
=Sum(A1:C12)+Sum(G4:K27)
=IF(C4>3,C4+1000,C4)

(eer)
55

Spreadsheet Math
Aggregate functions:
SUM

(TOPLA),

MIN

(MIN),

MAX

(MAK),

Average

(Ortalama)

Can be performed on any rectangle of cells

=SUM(B3:D6)

What were doing

through

=SUM(B3:D6)
from where

to where

56

Spreadsheet Math
General rule:

: (colon) means all numbers

; (semi-colon) means only the listed cells
through

=SUM(B1:D4)

14

2
3

only

=SUM(B1;D4)

4
5

57

Spreadsheet Math
Summing

(Arti):
Also called adding
Can be used in combinations

(as all functions can be)

=SUM(A1:C12)
=SUM(A1:C12)+SUM(D4+G4)
58

Spreadsheet Math
Count

(Sayi):
How many are there?
Can count numbers only

(count)

Can count all characters

(counta: text, numbers, symbols)

=COUNT(A1:C12)
=COUNTA(C1:C12)
59

Spreadsheet Math
Min/Max

(Averages):
MIN is lowest number
MAX

(MAK)

(minimum)

is highest number

(maximum)

Turkish I or English I

=MIN(C1:C12)
=MAX(C1:C12)
60

Spreadsheet Math
Central Tendency
Mean

(average number)

Median
Mode

(Averages):

(middle number in a range)

(most frequent number)

=AVERAGE(C1:C12)
=MEDIAN(C1:C12)
=MODE(C1:C12)
61

Spreadsheet Math
Aggregate functions:

through

from where

62

Spreadsheet Dates
Dates are really numbers:
January 1, 1900 = 00001
January 2, 1900 = 00002
October 31, 2005 = 38656
=today() uses date off processor
Watch your formatting
Use long years

(4/6 may be in April or June)

(i.e.: 2005 instead of 05)

63

Error Messages
Error messages:
#VALUE!
#REF!
#N/A

(wrong argument: adding text)

(improper cell reference/address)

(something is not available)

#NUM!

(invalid numbers in range/function)

64

Error Messages
Division and error messages:

Dividing zero is legal: answer is always 0

Dividing by zero is undefined: Error message/warning
#DIV/0! or #VALUE!

=C9/C10

#DIV/0!

#VALUE!

10

=SUM(C9:C13)

11

=COUNT(C9:C13)

12

=AVERAGE(C9:C13)

#DIV/0!

#VALUE!

13
65

Error Messages
Division and error messages:
#NAME? (#AD?)
Illegal function name

C
9

(wrong language)

=IF(
=IF(Logical Test,[value_if_true],[value_if_false])

66

Yuzde and Decimals

Increase 30 by 10%:
30 is the 100% part

We need to add an extra 10%

100% + 10% = 110%
110% is 1.1 in decimalized form
Increase = arti, decrease = eksi

30 30
* 110%
* 1.1 = 33
Rule: Orig_Num * decimalized change = New_Num
67

Yuzde and Decimals

Find %110 of 30:
30 is now in B2

All else is the same

A

1
2

30 =1.1*B2

33

%110 %110
, * 30 = 33

68

Yuzde and Decimals

Find %110 of 30:

Increase 60 by 20%: 120% or 1.2 * 60 = 72

Reduce 40 by 10%: 100 10 or 90% or .90 * 40 = 36
Find 20% of 85:

85 * .20 = 17

50 is 25% of:

50 / .25 = 200

A
1

54

67

82

56

B
=A1*1.25
=A2*.85
=A3*.7
=A4/.5

Increase A1 by 25%
Decrease A2 by 15%
Find 70% of A3
A4 is 50% of what number?

69

Spreadsheet Formats
Be careful what you type:

A number is made up of numbers only

Anything else is text
Formatting needs to be added by your spreadsheet
Entered:
1.234,56

Result:
Literal text 1.234,56

1234,56

The number 1234,56

1234,56

The number 1.234,56

70

Spreadsheet Formats
Formatting:

Format Cells (menu command)

Right-click Format Cells

71

The Culture of Computing

What to use:

Trke vs. English number formatting

Trke vs. English language commands
Syntax/
Formats

Trke

English
Language/
Commands

English

Trke
72

The Culture of Computing

The Turkish culture of usage:
. is a thousand separator

, separates whole numbers from decimals

Day/Month is the proper order
Percent sign is before the number in Turkish
OpenOffice is English only*
Microsoft Office and Windows are multi-lingual
Consider the language of your application and OS

*Turkish OpenOffice is available for download

73

Troubleshooting Commands
Anyone can say I cant do it:

You are paid a lot when you can do things other

people cant do
Frustration

(engel)

and learning go together

When things dont work, you must fix it

The problem is in your command, find it
You have limited places to look:
Start with = sign?
Did you use the right language?
Are you using the right formatting?
Are you using the right connecting symbols?
74

Troubleshooting Commands
Anyone can say I cant do it:

Look for the language on the menu bar

(use it first)

Look for yellow box when you type the command

Follow the formatting that yellow box shows
Match your numbers/formats to the language
Try the opposite number format (change , for .)
Swap commas for semi-colons (or visa versa)
Look at what is selected in the error thats where
the problem is

75

Troubleshooting Commands

76

Worksheets
What is a worksheet?
A part of a spreadsheet

77

Worksheets
Cell address and sheets:
Like a geometric plane

..
(duzlem)

Sheet 1

78

Worksheets
Worksheets:
Add in depth as opposed to in same plane

..
(duzlem)

Sheet 1
Sheet 2
Sheet 3
79

Worksheets
Cell address:

Worksheet: Sheet1
Column: C
Row: 4
Sheet1.C4

80

Worksheets
Worksheet address:
. for OpenOffice
! for Excel

=Sheet2.C4+Sheet3.C4
Add Box C4
To Box C4
In Box C4
81

Worksheets
Worksheets:

Must have unique name

Spaces and symbols are a problem
Can be renamed, added, deleted, reordered
Rename: double-click on old name
Add: Insert Worksheet
Delete: Right-click Delete
Reordering: click and hold; then drag

82

Spreadsheet IF
IF statement:

Allows for two different answers

If you sell a lot, you get a bonus
If you dont sell a lot, no bonus
Make
the
bonus?

Yes

83

Spreadsheet IF
IF statement:

Allows for two different answers

=IF( Sell>=Much; 500 YTL; 0)

Make
the
bonus?

Yes

84

Spreadsheet IF
IF statement:

Allows for two different answers

True False
=IF(C3>=2000;500;0)

Check value here

Make
the
bonus?

Yes

85

Spreadsheet IF
IF statement:
4 parts: IF

(eer),

condition, do_true, do_false

Text in quotes, numbers not

Semi-colons in Turkce and OpenOffice
2 single quotes

(apostrophe)

2 apostrophes

is NOT one

(double)

quote!!

1 quote

86

Spreadsheet IF
IF statement:
4 parts: IF

(eer),

condition, do_true, do_false

Text in quotes, numbers not

Semi-colons in Turkce and OpenOffice
2 single quotes is NOT one double quote!!

=IF(C4=4,Bob,4)
=EER(C4=Bob;Bob;4)
87

Spreadsheet Alignments
Centering

Center in a cell; merge over an area

Centered cells do not lose their border
Merged cells lose common border

88

Spreadsheet Formats
Borders and colors:

On the Formatting bar or Drawing Toolbar

Or in Format Cells

(see last slide)

89

Graphing and Charting

Two ways to say the same thing:

Graph/chart tells a story using an image of data

Story should be very clear and easy to see
2 dimensional graphs best

(3d harder to understand)

Label all axes and title the chart

Define your data ranges
Keep it simple
Use the right chart for your data
Scale of chart can be used to distort the data
90

Graphing and Charting

$

All points
have meaning

Continuous:
Time

Line Chart
$

Only defined
(timed) points
have meaning

Discrete:
1

Time

Bar/Column Chart
91

Graphing and Charting

Where to chart?

Main point goes on X axis

Also called the dependent variable

(doesnt vary/change)

Independent variable goes on Y axis

Quantity
Independent
Sold
Variable
50

(does vary/change)

Shoe Sales

By shoe size and quantity

40
30
20
10
0
38

40

42

44

46

Shoe Size
Dependent
Variable

92

Graphing and Charting

Types of charts:
Line

(continuous data)

Bar/Column
Pie

(discrete data)

(percentage/comparison data)

Scatter

(regression analysis)

93

Graphing and Charting

Parts of a chart:
Title

Axes
Labels
Legend

94

Graphing and Charting

Inserting a chart:

Add the data to spreadsheet cells

Add data labels

(above and left)

Select the cells

Open the Chart wizard
(OpenOffice) Click and mouse on spreadsheet
Fill in the blanks and Finish
Resize/locate the chart

Excel

95

Graphing and Charting

Moving a chart to Word:

Create your chart in the spreadsheet

Select the chart and copy to clipboard
Paste into your word processor
Link or embed (OLE):
Embed = not connected (normal Paste)
Link = connected (Paste Special)

Division

Embed

Qty

East

West

12

North

15

South

18

Central

14
24

Link

96