Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
INTRODUCTION
The Chalukya dynasty refers to an
Indian royal dynasty that ruled large
parts of southern and central India
between
the
sixth
and
twelfth
centuries.
During that period, they ruled as three
closely
related,
but
individual
dynasties.
The earliest dynasty, known as the
"Badami Chalukyas", ruled from their
WESTERN CHALUKYA
EMPIRE
The Western Chalukya Empire ruled most of the western
Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries.
Capital Manyakheta, Basavakalyan
Languages Kannada
Religion Hindu
Government Monarchy
Kings
957 to 997 Tailapa II
1184 to 1189 Someshvara IV
History
Earliest Records 957
Established 973
Disestablished - 1189
Extent
of
Wester
n
Chaluk
ya
Empir
e,
1121C
E.
ADMINISTRATION
WESTERN CHALUKYAS
The
Western
Chalukya
kingship
was
hereditary, passing to the king's brother if
the king did not have a male heir. The
administration was highly decentralized
and feudatory clans such as the Alupas, the
Hoysalas, the Kakatiya, the Seuna, the
southern Kalachuri and others were allowed
to rule their autonomous provinces, paying
an annual tribute to the Chalukya emperor.
EASTERN CHALUKYAS
In its early life, the Eastern Chalukya court was essentially a
republic of Badami, and as generations passed, local factors
gained in strength and the Vengi monarchy developed features of
its own.
The government was a monarchy based on the Hindu philosophy.
The inscriptions refer to the traditional seven components of the
State (Saptanga) and the eighteen Tirthas (Offices), such as:
Mantri (Minister)
Purohita (Chaplain)
Senapati (Commander)
Yuvaraja (Heir-apparent)
Dauvarika (Door-keeper)
Pradhana (Chief)
Adhyaksha (Head of Department) and so on.
SOCIETY
WESTERN CHALUKYAS
The social role of women largely depended on their economic status
and level of education in this relatively liberal period.
Freedom was more available to women in the royal and
affluent urban families.
In a Hindu caste system that was conspicuously present,
Brahmins enjoyed a privileged position as providers of knowledge
and local justice.
People found indoor amusement by attending wrestling matches
(Kusti) or watching animals fight such as cock fights and ram fights
or by gambling. Horse racing was a popular outdoor past time.
Schools and hospitals are mentioned in records and these were
built in the vicinity of temples. Marketplaces served as open air
town halls where people gathered to discuss and ponder local
issues.
EASTERN CHALUKYAS
RELIGION
WESTERN CHALUKYAS
The growth of Virashaivism in the Chalukya
territory and Vaishnava Hinduism in the
Hoysala
region
paralleled
a
general
decreased interest in Jainism.
Basavanna and other Virashaiva saints
preached of a faith without a caste system.
In his Vachanas (a form of poetry),
Basavanna appealed to the masses in simple
Kannada and wrote "work is worship.
ASAVANNA
STATUE
EASTERN CHALUKYAS
ARCHITECTURE
GOLINGESWA
RA
TEMPLE
(Andhra
Pradesh)
LAD
KHAN
TEMPLE
(Karnatak
a)
Ornate pillars at
SARASWATI TEMPLE
temple in Gadag city,
Karnataka.
Typical
Western
Chalukya
dravida
Vimana at
SIDDESVA
RA
TEMPLE in
Haveri,
Karnataka.
PALLAVAS
INTRODUCTION
ADMINISTRATION
SOCIETY
CULTURE
WRITING SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
Pallava temples were made in four distinct styles. These are:
Mahendra style: This is a cave-style architecture and can be
seen in the Ekambaranatha (Kanchipuram) Temple of the
Pallavas.
Mamalla style: These are monolithic temples made from
single stone. There are seven Pagodas situated near
Mahabalipuram that display an outstanding quality of this
Pallava art.
Rajasimha style: The Kailasha Temple of Kanchi displays this
style. The temple has a pyramidal tower and its mandapam is
made in a flat-roof style.
Aparajita style: This resembles with the Chola architecture
style, being more elaborate. A few temples at Dalavanur
display this style of architecture. Also, one can see beautiful
figures of Pallava kings and queens.
EKAMBARANTH
AR
TEMPLE
(Kanchipuram,
Tamil Nadu)
(Mahendra
Style)
The SHORE
TEMPLE at
Mahabalipur
am built by
Narasimhava
rman II.
(Mamalla
Style)
KAILASANATHA
TEMPLE
(Kanchipuram,
Tamil Nadu)
(Rajasimha Style)
MANDAGAPPAT
TU
TEMPLE
(Tamil Nadu)
(Aparajita Style)
CHOL
AS
INTRODUCTION
The Chola dynasty was one of the longestruling dynasties in the history of southern
India.
The dynasty originated in the rich Kaveri
(Cauvery) River valley. Uraiyur (now
Tiruchchirappalli was its oldest capital.
King Karikaran who is famous in the South
Indian history is believed to be the common
ancestor of the Deccan and the Andhra
families from where the Cholas were
derived.
IN BRIEF
CAPITAL
Early Cholas Poompuhar, Urayur, Tiruvarur
LANGUAGES Tamil
RELIGION Hinduism
GOVERNMENT Monarchy
KINGS
848 to 871 Vijayalaya Chola
1246 to 1279 Rajendra Chola III
HISTORICAL ERA
Established 300s BCE
Rise of the Medieval Cholas 848 CE
Empire at its greatest extent 1030 CE
NATURE OF GOVERNMENT
LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
MILITARY
ECONOMY
Coins
of the
Chola
Dynast
y.
SOCIETY
LITERATURE
RELIGION
In
general,
Cholas
professed
Hinduism.
Evidence
in Purananuru points to
Karikala Cholas faith in the Vedic
Hinduism in the Tamil country.
Rajaraja
Chola I even patronised
Buddhists, and built the Chudamani
Vihara (a Buddhist monastery) in
Nagapattinam at the request of the
Srivijaya Sailendra king.
ART
Dancing Balakrishna
or Saint Sambandar
Shiva Nataraja
ARCHITECTURE
The Cholas temples were dedicated to
their favorite god in the Hindu pantheon.
Continuing
with the temple building
traditions of the Pallavas who preceded
them, the Cholas elevated Dravidian
temple design to greater heights.
The Chola style involves use of granite
to create design consisting of deities,
warriors, kings and dancers. Cholas built
huge temples.
GANGAIKAN
DA
CHOLESWAR
AR TEMPLE
(Thanjavur)
AIRAVATES
WARAR
TEMPLE
(Darasuram)
KAMPAHARES
WARAR
TEMPLE
(Tribhuvanam)
BRIHADESHWARA
TEMPLE
IN BRIEF
Dravidian
Architecture
DATE BUILT 10th Century AD
CREATOR Raja Raja Chola I
INTRODUCTION
Built for Raja Raja Chola I and completed in 1010 AD, the
temple turned 1000 years old in 2010.
CONSTRUCTION
The temple was built per ancient texts called Vaastu Shastras
and Agamas.
Plan
of
the
temp
le
TEMPLE COMPLEX
1. MAIN TEMPLE
2. TEMPLE DEITIES
Varahi
Amman
Shrine
3. MURALS
This temple has frescoes of Chola on
its walls around sanctum sanctorum,
which portrays God Shiva in many
actions, such as destroying fiend forts,
sending one white elephant for
transporting one devotee towards
heaven and dancing.
Due to continuous exposure towards
soot and smoke from camphor
burning and from lamps in sanctum
MEENAKSHI
TEMPLE
IN BRIEF
Meenakshi
Sundareswarar Temple; Meenakshi Amman
Temple
PROPER NAME Tiru-aalavai
PRIMARY DEITY Meenakshi (Parvati)
CONSORT Sundareswarar (Shiva)
ARCHITECTURAL
STYLE
Dravidian
architecture
NUMBER OF TEMPLES - 27
INTRODUCTION
TEMPLE COMPLEX
An aerial view of
Madurai city from atop
the Meenakshi Amman
temple.
Plan of the
Meenakshi
Temple.
1. GOPURAMS
2. SHRINES
The Meenakshi shrine has the emeraldhued black stone image of Meenakshi.
Madurai
Meenakshi
Amman
Temple North
Tower
The golden
shrine over
the
sanctum of
Meenakshi
Just outside this hall, towards the west, are the Musical
Pillars. Each pillar, when struck, produces a different musical
note.
A section of
the
Thousand
Pillar Hall
Sculptures
inside the
temple