CD-ROM

By
Sadaf Khan
Javaria Khalid
Sumayyah Ifra

Index
Storage devices.
Categories of storage devices.
CD-ROM.
Structure of CD-ROM.
Reading of CD-ROM.
Pits & Lands.
Reading Speed.

Writing of CD-ROM.
File System.
Tracks & Sectors.
Writing Methods.

03

Storage Capacity.
Advantage of CD-ROM
Disadvantages of CD-ROM

Summary.
References.
Question & Answer Session

04

Storage Devices
The storage devices

store data even when

the computer is turned
off.
It is used to keep

important data and files

which are of regular use
on permanent basis.

05

Categories of Storage
Devices
The two main categories are magnetic

storage and optical storage.

Magnetic Storage

Optical Storage

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CD-ROM
CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. It is an
optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed
for storing digital audio.

CD Structure
A CD is flat, round, portable metal disc, which

is coated with a thin metal or plastic or other

material that is highly reflective.
It is usually 0.75 inches in diameter and less
than one-twentieth of an inch thick.

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Reading Data On CD-Rom

Reading data from CDROM

A CD-ROM drive reads digital data from a

spinning disc by focusing a laser on the discs

surface.
Some areas of the disc reflect the laser light

into a sensor, and other areas scatter the

light.

10

Pits and lands

The CD-ROM holds digital data.
Data is stored in the form of lands and pits.
Lands are flat areas on the metal surface.
Pits are depressions or hollows.

Reading logic 0

Reading logic 1

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Reading Speed
Reading speed is measured in kB/s
Reading speed determines the transfer of

data in one second.

1 or 1-speed which gives a data transfer
rate of 150kB/s in the most common data
format.
Maximum speed available today is 52x.

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Writing Data On CD-Rom

Writing Data On CD-ROM

A laser is used to heat a chemical dye in the

disc to create marks that will be read as data.

As marks (pits) are created through burns,

this process is also referred as burning.

Burning a CD is comparatively slower than

reading it.

Maximum burning speed is 32x.

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File System
The format of the CD (file system) describes

how the data is stored on the CD.

The earliest file system was High Sierra
Standard.
The ISO 9660 format is now the most
common format.

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Tracks and Sectors

For burning, the first process is to format a

blank CD.
CD-ROM drive creates a set of concentric
rings, called tracks on each side of CD.
Tracks are divided into short segments called
sectors.
Sectors are where data is stored physically.

Tracks

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Writing Methods
There are many methods to write a CD.
Monosession: Creates a single session on

the disc.
Multisession: This method lets a CD to be

written several times, by creating a 14MB-long

table of contents (TOC) de 14Mo for each
session.

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Storage Capacity Of CD-Rom

Storage Capacity of CDROM

Storage capacity is the maximum limit of data

storage on a CD.
A standard compact disc can store 650 MB of
data or about 70 minutes of audio.
A new generation of compact disc, however,
can hold 700 MB of data or 80 minutes of
audio.

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Advantages of CD-ROM
Large

storage space

Compact and light

Can be manufactured on a

large scale

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Disadvantage Of CD-ROM
Slow Writing speed
Not easily re-writable
Cost Concerns

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Summary
Compact Disk is a type of optical storage.
It holds data through physical marks.
Its is played in a CD-Player, and is read at

different speeds.
Files system is required to write data on CD by
different methods.
CDs are compact storage devices that can be
moved from on place to another easily.
There is always a doubt in their durability.
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References
www.ecarta.com
www.howstuffworks.com
www.kioskea.com
www.youtube.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.answers.com

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THANK
YOU