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Governance
Mar Anthony Balani
BA Political Science IV
Laurence Obaob
BA Political Science IV
What is Governance
According to the UNDP governance can be seen as the
exercise of economic, political and administrative
authority to manage a countrys affairs at all levels. It
comprises the mechanisms, processes and institutions
through which citizens and groups articulate their
interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their
obligations and mediate their differences.
Characteristics of Good
Governance
Participation: All men and women have a voice in decisionmaking, either directly or through legitimate intermediate
institutions that represent their interests.
Rule of law: Legal frameworks are fair and enforced
impartially, particularly the laws on human rights; public
security and safety are at a high level.
Transparency: Transparency is built on the free flow of
information.
Responsiveness: Institutions and processes serve all
stakeholders.
Strategic vision: Leaders and the public share a broad and longterm perspective on the good of society, good governance and
human development, along with a sense of what is needed for
such development.
Legitimacy: Authority is legitimate in terms of the established
legal and institutional framework and specific decisions in terms
of the accepted institutional criteria, processes and procedures.
Resource prudence: Resources are managed and used with a
view to optimizing the well-being of people over several
generations, ideally in perpetuity, without mortgaging the future.
Ecological soundness: The environment is protected and
regenerated to ensure sustainable self-reliance.
Characteristics of Good
Governance
Participation
Rule of law
Transparency Responsiveness
Consensus orientation Equity
Effectiveness and efficiency Accountability
Strategic vision Legitimacy
Resource prudence Ecological soundness
Empowering and enabling approaches
Partnership
Spatial grounding in communities
sustainability;
2. Accountability resulting in strengthening of legitimacy;
3. Transparency and integrity;
4. Fair and consensual conflict management within the ambit of
the law and for the purpose of increasing social cohesion;
5. Operational efficiency; and
6. Value creation or positive socio-economic and environmental
impact, especially for the poor.
DEMOCRATIZATION
According to Charles Hauss:
democratization is the process where a country adopts a democratic
regime..
Why is there a need for democratization?
According to R.J. Rummel:
people are all in nature equal, that it is a natural right that people
govern themselves, that they be free in a democratic sense. Since each
person is an individual with free will and is equal in this sense to any
other individual, the only system of natural governance is one in which
all individuals collectively rule themselves.
DECENTRALIZATION
According to the UNDP.
the restructuring or reorganization of authority so
that there is a system of co-responsibility between
institutions of governance at the central, regional and local
levels according to the principle of subsidiarity
DECENTRALIZATION
It includes:
Devolution
debureaucratization
privatization
deconcentration
delegation
Article II Section 23
The State shall encourage non-governmental,
community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote
the welfare of the nation
STATE
PRIVATE
SECTOR
CIVIL
SOCIETY
Functions..
STATE
PRIVATE
SECTOR
CIVIL
SOCIETY
Examples are:
local health board
local peace and order councils
local school boards,
local pre-qualification
bids and awards committee
local development council
References:
Kauzya, J. (n. d.) Local Governance Capacity Building for Full range Participation: Concepts, Frameworks,
and Experiences in African
Countries
Promoting Participatory Local Governance for Rural Development (2006) Report of the Third Country
Training Program on Building
Capacities of Asian NGOs in Poverty Reduction through
Community Actions Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural
Development (ANGOC)
Stewart, J. 2003. Participatory Governance, Power and Public Management, in NIG [National Institute for
Governance], Facing the Future: Engaging
stakeholders and citizens in developing public
policy, NIG, University of Canberra, Canberra.
UNDP-Government of Germany (1999). Decentralization: A Sampling of Definitions. Accessed last Jan. 30, 2016 from:
http://
web.undp.org/evaluation/documents/decentralization_working_report.PDF