Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Chapter 7
Stress Management
72
73
74
75
7.1
77
78
79
Optimism
The extent to which a person sees life in relatively
positive or negative terms
A person with a lot of optimism will always look at
challenges as an opportunity. While, a person with less
optimism (a pessimist) will always see it negatively.
Optimistic people tend to handle stress better.
710
7.2
Causes and
Consequences
of Stress
711
Organizational Stressors
Workplace Stress Factors
Task Demands
Associated with the specific job a person
performs
Physical Demands
Associated with the jobs physical setting and
requirements
Role Demands
Associated with the expected behaviors of a
particular position in a group or organization
Interpersonal Demands
Group pressures, leadership, personality
conflicts
712
Role Stress
Role ambiguity due to unclear roles
Role conflict due to:
Interrole conflict conflict between roles. Example: as a husband (wife ask to
come home early) and as an employee (boss ask to do over-time)
Intrarole conflict conflict occur when a person gets conflicting demands from
different sources within the same context of the role. Example: Mgmt. ask to put
more pressure on staff to follow new work rules but at the same time subordinates
expect he/she to get the rules change
Intrasender conflict occurs when a single source sends clear but contradictory
messages. Example: when a boss inform that there will be no more over-time for
the month but later on ask someone to stay late on the same evening.
713
7.1
1. Surgeon
1. Actuary
2. Dietitian
3. Photojournalist
4. Statistician
5. Astronomer
6. Mathematician
7. Reporter (Newspaper)
7. Historian
8. Physician Assistant
8. Software Engineer
714
7.3
715
Life trauma
Any upheaval in an individuals life that alters his or her
attitudes, emotions or behaviors.
Similar to life change, but it has a narrower, more direct and
shorter-term focus.
Example: divorce, marital problem, family difficulties and
health problems.
The dismay of the news may translate into
stress at work
716
7.2
The amount of life stress that a person has experiences in a given period of time, say one year, is measured by the total number of life change units (LCUs). These
units result from the addition of the values (shown in the right hand column) associated with events that the person has experienced during the target time period.
717
Consequences of Stress
Individual
Consequences
Organizational
Consequences
Behavioral
Performance
Psychological
Withdrawal
Medical
Attitudes
Burnout
718
7.4
719
Collateral Programs
Organizational programs specifically
created to help employees deal with stress
Stress management, health promotion,
employee fitness programs, career
development
720
Work-Life Linkages
Fundamental Work-Life Relationships
Interrelationships between a persons work life and
personal life
721
722