AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

Regulations & Requirements for

Aircraft Maintenance

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AVIATION LAWS

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ICAO Annexes
FAA Regulations (FAR)
EASA Regulations (JAA Joint Aviation Authorities -JAR)
Thai DCA Law & Regulations
NAA National Aviation Authority
- CASA Regulations (Australia)
- CAA Civil Aviation Authority (UK)
IOSA Requirements

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ICAO Annexes
FAA Regulations (FAR)
EASA Regulations (JAA Joint Aviation Authorities -JAR)
Thai DCA Law & Regulations
NAA National Aviation Authority
- CASA Regulations (Australia)
- CAA Civil Aviation Authority (UK)
IOSA Requirements

ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organisation

The constitution of ICAO is the Convention on

International Civil Aviation, drawn up by a conference

in Chicago in November and December 1944, and to
which each ICAO Contracting State is a party.
Additional sections to the ICAO Convention, which are

guidelines provided for the various national

aviation authorities for use in developing the civil
aviation rules and regulations that govern flight
operations in their respective states.
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ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organisation
ICAO is responsible for:
- Safety
- Registration
- Airworthiness
- Prevention of economic
waste
- Fair competition
- Standardisation
- Aviation Law

Its headquarters are located in the

Quartier International of Montreal,
Quebec Canada.
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ICAO Annexes

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ICAO Annexes
ICAO SARPS (Standards and Recommended Practices) for each area of ICAO

responsibility are contained in 18 Annexes.

Annex 1 - Personnel Licensing

Annex 11 - Air Traffic Services

Annex 2 - Rules of the Air

Annex 12 - Search and Rescue

Annex 3 - Meteorological Services

Annex 13 - Aircraft Accident and

Annex 4 - Aeronautical Charts

Incident Investigation

Annex 5 - Units of Measurement

Annex 14 - Aerodromes

Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft

Annex 15 - Aeronautical Information

Annex 7 - Aircraft Nationality and

Registration Marks
Annex 8 - Airworthiness of Aircraft
Annex 9 - Facilitation

Services
Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
Annex 17 - Security
Annex 18 - The Safe Transportation of

Dangerous Goods by Air

Annex 10 - Aeronautical

Telecommunications
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ICAO Code
ICAO uses 4-letter airport codes
ICAO uses 3 or 4 letter aircraft type

codes
ICAO uses 3-letter provides
telephony designators to aircraft
ICAO Aircraft Registration Prefxes

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ICAO Code
ICAO uses 4-letter airport codes; designating each

airport around the world.

Example: VTBS = Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK),
Samutprakan,
Thailand
WSSS = Signgapore Changi Airport, Changi,Singapore
VVNB= Noi bai International Airport (HAN) Hanoi,
Veitnam
EGLL = London Heathrow Airport (LHR) London,
England

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ICAO Code
ICAO uses 3 or 4 letter aircraft type codes;

These codes provide the identification that is typically used in

flight plans.
Example:
Boeing 747 that would use B741, B742 ,B743
ICAO uses 3-letter provides telephony designators to aircraft

operators worldwide.
Example:
Japan Airlines International is JAL and
Japan Air 111 (JAL111)
Thai Airways International is THA and
Thai Air 112 (THA112)
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ICAO Code
ICAO Aircraft Registration Prefxes are used to identify the

place where the aircraft registers;

Example: D : Germany, D-AILS
N : USA, N1234
HS : Thailand, HS-ABC

B : China, B-5678
9V : Singapore, 9V-DEF
G : United Kingdom, G-

XYZ
Similarly most airlines employ a distinctive and internationally

recognized call sign that is normally spoken during radio

transmissions as a prefix to the flight number. (Charter, Private
and etc.)
Some call-signs are less obviously associated with a particular

airline than others. This might be for historic reasons, or possibly

to avoid confusion with a call sign used by an established airline.

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FAA
Federal Aviation
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is
Administration

the national aviation authority of the United States.

An agency of the United States Department of
Transportation, it has authority to regulate and oversee
all aspects of civil aviation in the U.S.
The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 created the
organization under the name "Federal Aviation Agency",
and adopted its current name in 1966 when it became a
part of the United States Department of Transportation.

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FAA
Federal Aviation
Regions and Aeronautical Center Operations
Administration
Headquarters in Washington, DC
Technical Center in Atlantic City
Aeronautical Center in Oklahoma City.
The nine regions are;

1. Alaskan Anchorage, Alaska

2. Northwest Mountain Renton, WA
3. Western Pacific Hawthorne, CA
4. Southwest Fort Worth, TX
5. Central Kansas City, MO
6. Great Lakes Chicago, IL
7. Southern Atlanta, GA
8. Eastern New York City
9. New England Burlington, MA
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FAA
Federal Aviation
The FAA's major roles include:
Administration
Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation
Regulating air navigation facilities' geometry and flight inspection

standards
Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation

technology
Issuing, suspending, or revoking pilot certificates
Regulating civil aviation to promote safety, especially through local

offices called Flight Standards District Offices

Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation

for both civil and military aircraft

Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil

aeronautics
Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other

environmental effects of civil aviation

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FAA
Federal Aviation
Administration
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations
This database is a repository of certain Code of Federal
Regulations (CFRs) and Special Federal Aviation Regulations
(SFARs) from 14 CFR in their current version as well as
historical versions.
The CFR includes the active document as a result of the most
recent amendment. When looking at the historical CFRs and
SFARs, the checkmark indicates the CFR Part section or SFAR
Part that is most current.

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FAA
Federal Aviation
Code of federal regulations (CFR)
Administration
Title 1: General Provisions
Title 2: Grants and Agreements

Title 3: The President

Title 4: Accounts

Title 5: Administrative Personnel

Title 6: Homeland Security

Title 7: Agriculture

Title 8: Aliens and Nationality

Title 9: Animals and Animal Products Title 10: Energy

Title 11: Federal Elections

Title 12: Banks and Banking

Title 13: Business Credit and Assistance

Title 14: Aeronautics and Space (also known as the Federal Aviation

Regulations, administered by the Federal Aviation Administration)

Title 15: Commerce and Foreign Trade.Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries

Example;14 CFR Part 21

14 CFR Part 39
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FARs
Federal Aviation
DEFINITIONS
Regulations

Part 1 - Definitions and abbreviations

PROCEDURAL RULES
Part 11 - General rulemaking procedures
Part 13 - Investigative and enforcement procedures
Part 14 - Rules implementing the Equal Access to Justice Act of
1980
Part 15 - Administrative claims under Federal Tort Claims Act
Part 16 - Rules of practice for Federally-assisted airport
enforcement proceedings
Part 17 - Procedures for protests and contracts disput

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FARs
Federal Aviation
AIRCRAFT
Regulations

Part 21 - Certification procedures for products and parts

Part 23 - Airworthiness standards: Normal, utility, acrobatic, and

commuter category airplanes

Part 25 - Airworthiness standards: Transport category airplanes
Part 27 - Airworthiness standards: Normal category rotorcraft
Part 29 - Airworthiness standards: Transport category rotorcraft
Part 31 - Airworthiness standards: Manned free balloons
Part 33 - Airworthiness standards: Aircraft engines
Part 34 - Fuel venting and exhaust emission requirements for
turbine engine powered airplanes
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FARs
Federal Aviation
AIRCRAFT
Regulations

Part 35 - Airworthiness standards: Propellers

Part 36 - Noise standards: Aircraft type and airworthiness
certification
Part 39 - Airworthiness directives
Part 43 - Maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and
alteration
Part 45 - Identification and registration marking
Part 47 - Aircraft registration
Part 49 - Recording of aircraft titles and security documents

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FARs
Federal Aviation
Regulations
AIRMEN
Part 61 - Certification: Pilots, flight instructors, and ground

instructors
Part 63 - Certification: Flight crewmembers other than pilots
Part 65 - Certification: Airmen other than flight crewmembers
Part 67 - Medical standards and certification

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FARs
Federal Aviation
AIRSPACE
Regulations
Part 71 - Designation of class A, class B, class C, class D, and
class E airspace areas; airways; routes; and reporting
points
Part 73 - Special use airspace
Part 77 - Objects affecting navigable airspace

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FARs
Federal Aviation
AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES
Regulations
Part 91 - General operating and flight rules
Part 93 - Special air traffic rules and airport traffic patterns
Part 95 - IFR altitudes
Part 97 - Standard instrument approach procedures
Part 99 - Security control of air traffic
Part 101 - Moored balloons, kites, unmanned rockets and

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unmanned free balloons

Part 103 - Ultralight vehicles
Part 105 - Parachute Operations
Part 107 - Airport security
Part 108 - Aircraft operator security
Part 109 - Indirect air carrier security

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FARs
Federal Aviation
AIR CARRIERS, AIR TRAVEL CLUBS, AND OPERATORS FOR
Regulations
COMPENSATION OR HIRE: CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS
Part 119 - Certification: Air carriers and commercial operators
Part 121 - Operating requirements: Domestic, flag, and

supplemental operations
Part 125 - Certification and operations: Airplanes having a
seating capacity of 20 or more passengers or a
maximum payload capacity of 6,000 pounds or more;
and rules governing persons on board such aircraft
Part 129 - Operations: Foreign air carriers and foreign operators
of U.S.-registered aircraft engaged in common
carriage
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FARs
Federal Aviation
AIR CARRIERS, AIR TRAVEL CLUBS, AND OPERATORS
Regulations
FOR COMPENSATION OR HIRE: CERTIFICATION AND
OPERATIONS
Part 133 - Rotorcraft external-load operations
Part 135 - Operating requirements: Commuter and on demand
operations and rules governing persons on board
such aircraft
Part 137 - Agricultural aircraft operations
Part 139 - Certification and operations: Land airports serving
certain air carriers

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FARs
Federal Aviation
SCHOOLS
AND OTHER CERTIFICATED AGENCIES
Regulations

Part 141 - Pilot schools

Part 142 - Training centers
Part 145 Repair Station Certificate
Part 147 Aviation Maintenance Technicians Schools
Part 183 Representatives of The Administrator

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Subpart FAR 145 sample

Federal Aviation Regulation Part 145, or FAR 145
The regulation is broken into five subparts:
Subpart A - General
Subpart B - Certification
Subpart C - Housing, Facilities, Equipment, Materials, and Data
Subpart D - Personnel
Subpart E - Operating Rules

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FAA
ADs
14 CFR Part 39
Airworthiness Directives

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Licence
Part 61 - Certification: Pilots,
flight instructors, and ground
instructors
Part 63 - Certification: Flight

crewmembers other than pilots

Part 65 - Certification Airmen

other than flight crewmembers

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Air
Carrier
Certificat
e
(ACC/AOC)

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C of
A
14 CFR Part 21 Certification procedures
for products and parts

31

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Expo
rt
C of
A

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Authorized Release
Certifcate
(FAA8130-3)

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C of
R

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Air
Agency
Certificat
e

35

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TC & TCDS

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STC

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FAA
Form
337

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JAA Joint Aviation

Authorities
The Joint Aviation Authorities, or JAA, was an

associated body of the ECAC representing the civil

aviation regulatory authorities of a number of European
States who had agreed to co-operate in developing and
implementing common safety regulatory standards and
procedures.
The JAA started in 1970. Originally, its objectives were
only to produce common certification codes for large
aeroplanes and for engines in order to meet the needs of
European industry and international consortia (e.g.,
Airbus).
After 1987 its work was extended to operations,
maintenance, licensing and certification/design standards
for all classes of aircraft
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European Aviation Safety

Agency (EASA)
-The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is
an agency of the European Union (EU) which has
been given regulatory and executive tasks in the
field of civilian aviation safety.
-It was created on 15 July 2002,and it reached full
functionality in 2008, taking over functions of the
JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities).

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European Aviation Safety

Agency (EASA)
The agencys responsibilities include:

- giving advice to the European Union for drafting new

legislation;
- implementing and monitoring safety rules, including
inspections in the Member States;
- type-certification of aircraft and components, as well as the
approval of organisations involved in the design,
manufacture and maintenance of aeronautical products;
- authorization of third-country (non EU) operators;
- safety analysis and research.

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European Aviation Safety Agency

(EASA)
European Aviation

Safety Agency
(EASA) is an agency
of the European
Union (EU) with
offices in Cologne,
Germany .
www.easa.europa.eu/

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EASA Organisation
structure

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European Aviation Safety Agency

(EASA)
EASA Regulations

- Part-66 Certifying Staf

- Part-145 Maintenance Organisation
Approval
- EASA Part-M Continuing Airworthiness
- EASA Part-147 Training Organisation
Requirements
- EASA Part-21 Subpart J Design Organisation
- EASA Part-21 Subpart G Production
Organisation
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European Aviation Safety Agency

(EASA)
Part-66 Certifying Staff

Category A
- permits the holder to certify scheduled line
maintenance and simple defect rectification.
- Category B1
permits the holder to certify maintenance work carried
out on aircraft structure, powerplant, mechanical and
electrical systems.
Category B2
permits the holder to certify maintenance work carried
out on avionic and electrical systems.
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European Aviation Safety Agency

(EASA)
Part-145 Maintenance Organisation Approval

- To obtain approval to be an aeronautical repair

station, an organisation must write, submit and keep
updated a 'Maintenance Organisation Exposition (MOE).
- To support their MOE they must have a documented
set of procedures.
Part-147 Training Organisation Requirements
- To go with Part-66 on the issuing of licenses is the
larger
area of setting up and gaining approval for a training
school.
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European Aviation Safety Agency

(EASA)
Part-M Continuing Airworthiness

- EASA Part-M consists of several subparts.

- Subparts are F (Maintenance for aircraft
below 5700kg in non commercial
environment),
- Subparts G (Continuing Airworthiness
Management Organization = CAMO,
coordinating the compliance of aircraft with
maintenance program, airworthiness
directives and service bulletins)
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EASAADs

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ADs

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TC & STC

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EASA Part 21J (UK Part 21G)

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EASA Part 145

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EASA Part 147

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EASA FORM-1

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AOC
UK

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Sample of other NAA

- Civil Aviation Authority (UK)
- Directorate General for Civil Aviation,
DGAC (France)
- Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA)
- Civil Aviation Department (Hong Kong)
- Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore
- Department of Civil Aviation, Malaysia
- State Secretariat of Civil Aviation (SSCA)
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International Air Transport Association

112

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International Air Transport Association

IATA code
1 Airport codes
2 Airline designators
3 Aircraft type designators
4 Country codes
5 Currency codes
6 IATA time zone codes
7 IATA region codes
8 IATA meal codes
9 Name class codes
10 IATA class codes

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International Air Transport

Association

Airport codes

IATA airport codes are 3 letter designations for airports;

ORY" (Paris-Orly Airport) and

BKK(Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi International Airport).
Airline designators
IATA airline designators are digram letter/digit codes for

airline companies;
"NH" (All Nippon Airways)
8B (Business Air)

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International Air Transport

Association

Aircraft type designators

IATA aircraft type designators are 3 letter/digit codes

used for aircraft models,

"J41" (British Aerospace Jetstream 41)
"744" (Boeing 747-400).
Country codes
Two additional codes are used:

- US United State of America

- GB United Kingdom

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What is IOSA?

IATA Operational Safety

The IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA) is the emerging global

airline standard. This program aims to reduce the number of

overlapping audits by use of a single standardized system that will
be accepted worldwide.

Audits

(IOSA)

By eliminating the need for so many audits, IOSA will result in

immediate cost savings in the short term, and greater cost

efficiencies through improved operations in the long term. IOSA
becomes extremely important when an airline or air transportation
organization wishes to distinguish itself by complying with this
accepted global standard.
What Does IOSA Cover?

IATAs auditing standard focuses on key aspects of airline and

airline support operations, including: Corporate organization and
management Flight operations Operational control/flight dispatch
Ground handling Engineering and maintenance Cabin operations
Cargo operations Operational security
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IATA Operational
Safety Audits
Who Can Beneft From IOSA?

(IOSA)

Any air carrieror business that supports air carrier operations

that sees the need for improved safety and efficiency in any
phase of its operations can benefit from an IOSA audit.
These businesses include:

International airlines Major domestic airlines Regional airlines

Cargo carriers , MRO, providers Corporate aviation
departments,

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IATA Operational Safety Audits

(IOSA) - Certifcates

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IATA Operational Safety Audits

(IOSA) - Documents

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