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Bahan yang
diekstrak dari
bumi sehingga
perlu proses
lebih lanjut
Contoh: batuan ----
dieksploitasi --- di buat
bubuk -- dibentuk
Komponen logam dibentuk
saat pemrosesan sedangkan
komponen keramik hanya
dapat dihasilkan dengan
proses sintering
Silicates are often divided into coarse clay ceramics and fine ceramics,
subdivided into their constituents (>1 mm coarse clay ceramics, <1 mm
fine ceramics). Further distinction is made between porous and dense
materials and, depending on the degree of purity of the raw materials, for
example brightly burning porcelain (almost white) and coloured materials
such as tiles and bricks (Fig 1.4).
Uranium compounds with their high density also belong to the ceramic
materials (Fig. 1.7). Here again, a particular technology, for example for the
production of nuclear fuel rods is required.
Non-oxidic ceramic materials have extremely high melting temperatures (over 3000C) and a very low
density. Today, these materials are used for machinery construction or electronics, for example, when
the emphasis is to achieve low thermal conductivity and low specific weight. Movable and abrasionresistant components are increasingly applied for automobile fabrication or aerospace industry where
high temperature-resistant materials with low specific weight and therefore low inertia masses are
needed.
materials
which are not
classified
among
ceramics, for
example,
titanium
carbide,
zirconium
carbide, and
titanium nitride
or zirconium
boride.
Despite the
fact they are
produced like
ceramics, they
show metallic
bonds, which
means
electron
conductivity.
Klasisikasi komposit
Class
Nominal Compositions
Electrical
Insulation
Ferroelectrics
BaTiO3, SrTiO3
Piezoelectric
PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3
Superconductors
Ba2YCu3O7-x
Soft ferrite
Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4
Hard ferrite
BaFe12O19, SrFe12O19
Fuel
UO2, UO2PuO2
Cladding/shielding
SiC, B4C
Transparent envelope
-Al2O3, MgAl2O4
Light memory
Doped PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3
Colors
Magnetic
Nuclear
Optical
Mechanical
Thermal
Chemical
Biological
Aesthetic
Structural refractory
Wear resistance
Cutting
Abrasive
Construction
Insulation
Radiator
ZrO2, TiO2
Gas sensor
Catalyst carrier
Mg2Al4Si5O18, Al2O3
Electrodes
Filters
SiO2,-Al2O3
Coatings
NaOCaOAl2O3SiO2
Structural prostheses
-Al2O3, porcelain
Cements
CaHPO4 2H2O
Pottery, artware
Whiteware, porcelain
Tile, concrete
Whiteware, CaOSiO2H2O
Perbandingan mikrostruktur