BIOMETRIC DEVICES

FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION

NAME :NURHASYIMATUL AINI BT

MUSAHRUDIN
IC/NO : 990708-06-5228

INTRODUCTION

A biometric is unique, measurable characteristic of a human being

that can be used to automatically recognize an individual or verify
an individuals identify
Biometrics can measure both physiological and behavioral
characteristics.
Physiological biometric. This biometric is based on measurements
and data derived from direct on measurement of a part of the
human body
Behavioral biometrics. This biometrics is based on measurements
and data derived from an action

DEFINITION

A fingerprint scanner system has two basic jobs - it needs to get an

image of your finger, and it needs to determine whether the pattern
of ridges and valleys in this image matches the pattern of ridges and
valleys in pre-scanned images.
Only specific characteristics, which are unique to every fingerprint,
are filtered and saved as an encrypted biometric key or
mathematical representation.
No image of a fingerprint is ever saved, only a series of numbers (a
binary code), which is used for verification.
The algorithm cannot be reconverted to an image, so no one can
duplicate your fingerprints.

HISTORY
(1880-FAULDS)

During the 1870s, Dr. Henry Faulds, the British Surgeon-Superintendent of

Tsukiji Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, took up the study of "skin-furrows" after
noticing finger marks on specimens of "prehistoric" pottery.
In 1880, Faulds forwarded an explanation of his classification system and a
sample of the forms he had designed for recording inked impressions, to Sir
Charles Darwin.
Also in 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds published an article in the Scientific Journal,
"Nature" (nature). He discussed fingerprints as a means of personal
identification, and the use of printers ink as a method for obtaining such
fingerprints.

HOW IT WORK ?

FUNCTION

Once your fingerprint is scanned, the sensor compares this new

picture against the pre-stored print to determine if they match.
Comparing a full fingerprint against the newly scanned image is
impractical because smudging could make an identical print look
different from the scanned image.
Instead, fingerprint scanners compare specific areas of the
fingerprint, referenced to as minutiae.
Scanners and professional investigators concentrate on points where
ridge lines end or split into multiple ridges, known as bifurcations.
A single finger could have numerous minutiae, and rather than try
to identify all of them, scanners simply need to find a
preprogrammed number of them to determine the two prints are
identical.

FUNCTION

Another common form of fingerprint capturing is the capacitance

scanner, which instead of sensing the print using light, it utilizes an
electrical current.
The ridges of your skin, the dermis, are electrically non-conductive,
whereas the valleys of your fingertip, the sub dermal layer, are
conductive. When touching a fingerprint sensor, it measures the
minutest differences in conductivity caused by the presence of
ridges.
Using these measurements, capacitance scanners create a picture of
the fingerprint to compare against the original fingerprint.

IMAGES

CONCLUSION

Fingerprint Authentication has been studied for well overall century.

However, its use has truly become widespread and mainstream only
in the last few decades due to development of automated
fingerprintrecognitionsystems.
The ever-increasing demand for reducing the error and failure rates
ofautomated fingerprint recognition systems and the need for
enhancing their security have opened many interesting and unique
research opportunities that encompass multiple domains such as
image processing, computer vision, statistical modeling,
cryptography, and sensor development .
Our preliminary analysis shows that fingerprints have been proven
to be an excellent if not the best biometric and its potential has not
yet beenfully realized.

RESOURCES REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerprint_reco
gnition
www.biometricupdate.com/servicedirectory/fingerprint-recognition
www.biometrics.gov/documents/fingerprintrec
.pdf
http://onin.com/fp/fphistory.html