AUTOMATIC PLANT

IRRIGATION

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Power Supply For
All

Dryness
Sensor
Using
copper plate

Comparator
LM324

Microcontroller

Water
Pump

16*2LED

MAJOR COMPONENTS DETAILS

The major components used in this project

are
Microcontroller
LM324
Water Motor
Relay and relay driver
16x2 LCD

MICROCONTROLLER
Mini computer with necessary support chips on-

board.
Designed to perform applications where the
relationship of input and output is defined
With advancement various features have been
included in the micro-controllers
Three main building blocks system should have to
perform any task.
A processing unit (CPU)
I/O PORTS for interaction with user or physical environment
Memory elements (RAM/ROM/Flash/EEPROM)

TYPES OF Microcontroller
8051 Family: Digital Microcontrollers
AVR Family: Digital and inbuilt analog channels.
PIC Microcontroller
ARM( Advance RISC MACHINE)
Why 8051 and AVR are used most for small projects.
Easy to understand
Programming is convenient and related to classroom theory
Easily available in the markets
Cheaper - IC and Programmer are relatively cheaper

AT89S8253 8051 Microcontroller

This microcontroller is a digital microcontroller that can

take digital input and generate digital output.

2.7V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz (in x1 and x2
Modes)
Three-level Program Memory Lock
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM,2K EEPROM
32 Programmable bi-directional I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Nine Interrupt Sources
Enhanced UART Serial Port

PIN DIAGRAM
The 8051 family members all have

40 pins.
Vcc, GND, XTAL1, XTAL2,...
I/O port pins
Four ports - Port 0, Port 1, Port
2, &Port 3
Usually we call them as P0, P1,
P2, and P3.
Each port uses 8 pins.

LM358
These devices consist of two independent,

high-gain,
frequency-compensated
operational amplifiers designed to operate
from a single supply over a wide range of
voltages
This can be used for different op-amp
configurations:

RELAY
Relay energized (ON):

Current flowing
through the control circuit coil (pins1 & 3)
creates a small magnetic field which
causes the switch to close, pins 2 & 4.
The switch, which is a part of the load
circuit, is used to control an electrical
circuit that may connect to it. Current
now flows through pins 2 & 4 shown in
Red, when the relay in energized.

Relays are electromechanical switches.

Relays have two circuits: A control circuit

(shown in GREEN) and a load circuit (shown

in RED).
The control circuit has small control coil
while the load circuit has a switch. The coil
controls the operation of the switch.

Relay De-energized (OFF): When current

stops flowing through the control circuit,

pins 1 & 3, the relay becomes deenergized. Without the magnetic field, the
switch opens and current is prevented
from flowing through pins 2 & 4. The relay
is now off.

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

Is an electronic display module.

16x2 LCDdisplay is very basic module and is very

commonly used in various devices and circuits.

16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line
and there are 2 such lines.
Has two registers namely, Command and Data.
The command register stores the command instructions.
The data register stores the data to be displayed on the
LCD.
The data is the ASCII value of the character to be
displayed on the LCD.

LCD Interface Diagram:

PCB DESIGNING
Steps of PCB designing
PROCESSING
CLEANSING
PRINTING
ETCHING
DRILLING
COMPONENT MOUNTING
SOLDERING
MASKING

Aprinted

circuit board, orPCB, is used to

mechanically
support
and
electrically
connectelectronic
componentsusingconductivepathways, tracks or
signal
tracesetchedfromcopper
sheetslaminatedonto a non-conductivesubstrate.
PCB board design defines the electrical pathways
between components.
It is derived from a schematic representation of
the circuit. When it is derived, or imported from a
schematic design, it translates the schematic
symbols and libraries into physical components
and connection

EXPRESS PCB
A PCB layout is required to place components on the PCB

so that the component area can be minimized and the

components can be placed in an efficient manner.
There are various softwares available for this purpose
like Express

PCB
Pad2pad
Protel PCB
PCB design etc.

Express PCB is a very easy to use Windows application

for laying out printed circuit boards

There are lots of functions available in the software. This
software is free of cost and also it is very easy to use

TESTING OF BASIC CIRCUITS

Connect the black terminal of the Digital Multimeter to the
ground of the supply source and turn the knob to 20V DC
voltage.
2. Make sure the knoch of all the ICs including
microcontroller are same as given above.

3. Check the continuity and short circuit of the PCB's.

4. Check the voltages at pin o (output) of all the three 7805 and
it should be +5 volts.
5. Check the voltage at pin 40 and 31 of the microcontroller it
should be +5 volts.
6. Check the voltage at pin 10 of ULN2803 IC it should be +12
volts.
7. Check the voltage at pin 9 of ULN2803 IC it should be 0
volts.
8. Check the voltage at pin 4 of LM324 IC it should be
+5volts.

9. Check the voltage at second last pin form the both side of
the LCD. It should be +5V.
10. Check the orientation of all ICs.

WORKING

THANKYOU