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AFB MICROSCOPY
Content Overview
Instructions to Patients
Characteristics
of Good Sputum Specimen
3-5 ml
Usually thick and mucous, but may be fluid with
pieces of purulent material
Color varies from opaque white to green, reddish to
brown when blood is present
Clear saliva is not suitable; but examine saliva if a
better specimen can not be produced, especially for
follow-up examinations
A specimen mainly containing blood should not be
examined; patient should see a doctor for immediate
management
5
Smear Staining
with ZIehl-Neelsen Stain (1)
ZN Stained Smear
13
Smear Staining
with Ziehl-Neelsen Stain (2)
STEPS:
Arrange slides in a serial order on a staining bridge, smear
side up, avoid slides touching each other
Cover slides completely with carbol fuchsin solution (through
filter paper)
Gently heat to steam
Leave for 10-15 minutes
Rinse with water and drain
Cover with decolorizing solution, 3-5 min, rinse with water,
drain. Repeat if needed, rinse and drain
Apply methylene blue solution for 1, at most 2 minutes
Rinse with water and drain
Air dry on a slide rack
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17
18
Examination of ZN Smears
19
Examination of
Auramine Stained Smears
Grading of
Auramine Stained Smears
22
Grading of ZN Smears
IUATLD/WHO scale
ZN 1000x,
1 length=100 HPF
Negative
0 AFB / 1 length
Scanty
1-9 AFB /
1 length
1+
10-99 AFB /
1 length
2+
1-10 AFB /
1 HPF on average
3+
>10 AFB /
1 HPF on average
23
Grading of Smears in FM
Using 20X Objective
IUATLD/WHO scale
FM 20x,
1 length = 30 fields
1 length = 300 HPF
Negative
0 AFB / 1 length
Scanty
1-29 AFB /
1 length
1+
30-299 AFB /
1 length
2+
10-100 AFB /
1 field on average
3+
>100 AFB /
1 field on average
24
Grading of Smears in FM
Using 40X Objective
IUATLD/WHO scale
FM 400x,
1 length = 40-50 fields
1 length = 200 HPF
Negative
0 AFB /1 length
Scanty
1-19 AFB /
1 length
1+
20-199 AFB /
1 length
2+
5-50 AFB /
1 field on average
3+
>50 AFB /
1 field on average
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26
Request and
Reporting
Form for
Sputum
Smear
Examination
27
Key Messages