SEMESTER

BREAK TASK
NAME: SYAFIQ FAUZAN BIN SALLEH
CLASS: 402

EXAMPLE OF FOODS THAT

MAKE FROM DAIRY PRODUCT

TYPES OF PACKAGING FOR

MILK
Milk has been packaged in several types of containers
across the globe. The general requirements of a milkpackaging container are as follows:
It must be tamper proof, so that it is protected against
fraudulent practices between the time of packaging and
consumption.
It must be of such a size that the capacity always relates to
the keeping quality of the product and that its contents
correspond to the consumers daily requirements.
It must be clean and attractive.

Examples of milk packaging are

Cartons
Plastic
Glass

TYPES OF PACKAGING FOR

MILK

MILK PROCESSES
Step 1 - Rearing
Dairy cows typically spend their days eating, sleeping,
and ruminating or chewing their cud. Cows in some
dairy farms wander around and eat fresh grass (i.e.
grazing). In other farms, they are fed grain, hay, or
silage (conserved forage) and remain all day in close
quarters known as confined animal feeding operations
(CAFOs), some of whichhouse thousands of animals.
Many large dairy farms utilize growth hormones and
antibiotics during the rearing process to artificially
increase a cow's milk production and to decrease the
spread of infectious diseases among their cows.

MILK PROCESSES

Step 2 Harvesting
Today:
Cows are normally milked at least twice a day.
Milking time takes about five minutes per cow
depending on the type of machine and the
amount of milk the cow is producing. Most dairies
have enough machines to milk more than 20 cows
at one time. Milking machines mimic the action of
a young calf by creating a pulsating vacuum
around the teat, which causes the milk to be
released from the udder.

MILK PROCESSES
Step 3 - Storing
Milk storage vats or silos are refrigerated and
come in various shapes and sizes. Milk is usually
stored on the farm at 39 degrees Fahrenheit, or
colder, for no more than 48 hours. Vats and silos
are agitated to make sure that the entire volume
remains cold and that the milkfat does not
separate from the milk. After milk has been
collected, storage vats and stainless steel pipes
are thoroughly cleaned before the farmer milks
again.

MILK PROCESSES
Step 5 - Lab Testing
Samples of milk are taken from farm vats prior to collection
and from the bulk milk tanker upon arrival at the factory.
Samples from the bulk milk tanker are tested for antibiotics
and temperature before the milk enters the factory
processing area. Farm milk samples are tested for milkfat,
protein, bulk milk cell count and bacteria count. If milk
does not meet quality standards it is rejected. Most
farmers are paid on the quality and composition of their
milk.

MILK PROCESSES
Step 6 - Processing
Whole milk, once approved for use, is pumped into storage silos where
it undergoes pasteurization, homogenization, separation and further
processing.

Pasteurization:
Involves heating every particle of milk to a specific temperature for a
specified period of time and cooling it again without allowing
recontamination.

Homogenization:
Involves pushing the raw milk through an atomizer to form tiny
particles so that the fat is dispersed evenly throughout the milk,
stopping the fat from floating to the top of the container.

MILK PROCESSES
Separation:
Involves spinning milk through a centrifuge to
separate the cream from the milk. After
separation, the cream and remaining milk are
remixed to provide the desired fat content for the
different types of milk being produced.
For "whole milk," the cream is reintroduced until
the fat content reaches 3.25%. For "low fat milk,"
the fat content is 1%. For "skim milk" (sometimes
called nonfat milk) the fat content is .05%.

MILK PROCESSES
Further processing:
Includes micro-filtration, increasing the storage life by
ultra high
temperature (UHT) treatment, and mixing
or culturing milk for flavored and yogurt products .

Step 7 - Packaging
Now the milk is ready to be packaged for delivery to the stores.
The milk travels through pipes to the automatic packaging
machines that fills and seals the milk into paper cartons or plastic
jugs. As the containers move through the assembly line, a date is
printed on each of them to show how long the milk will stay fresh.

LOCAL FRUITS THAT CAN

PREVENT CANCER

PINEAPPLE

The enzyme bromelain, found in

pineapple, is one of several
natural foods you can use to
prevent cancer, fight cancer if you
have it, and minimize the effects
of radiation therapy that often
cause as much damage to healthy
cells as they do to cancerous
cells.
Chemotherapy is the most
common form of treatment for
cancer in the United States. It has
been used for the past four
decades despite the fact that it
ravages the body, weakening the
immune system until it can no
longer function properly.
The cure is often worse than the

LOCAL FRUITS THAT CAN CURE

CANCER
Mangoesteen may help stop or
prevent cancer by killing
diseased cells or inhibiting
their growth.
Scientific studies have shown
that Xanthones found in this
amazing fruit are powerful
healers of the body and have
even greater antioxidant
potency than vitamins C and E,
two of the most powerful
antioxidants known to science.
Xanthones, the natural
chemical compounds in
Mangosteen, can help detoxify
the liver to give back its
natural tumor-fighting
capabilities. Xanthones were

MANGOESTEEN

LOCAL FRUITS THAT CAN

CURE CANCER

TOMATOES

The tomatos red hue comes

chiefly from a phytochemical
calledlycopene. Tomatoes
have attracted particular
attention from prostate
cancer researchers because
lycopene and its related
compounds tend to
concentrate in tissues of the
prostate.
AICR's second expert
report,Nutrition, Physical
Activity, and the Prevention
of Cancer: A Global
Perspective, found
substantial and convincing
evidence that foods
containing lycopene

LOCAL VEGETABLES THAT CAN

CURE CANCER
Garlic is a vegetable
(Allium sativum) that
belongs to the Allium class
of bulb-shaped plants,
which also includes onions,
chives, leeks, and
scallions.
In addition to sulfur, garlic
also containsarginine,
oligosaccharides,
flavonoids, andselenium,
all of which may be
beneficial to health.

GARLIC

LOCAL VEGETABLES THAT CAN

PREVENT CANCER

CARROTS
The natural compounds, known as polyacetylenes, protect the
plant from attack by pests and diseases. They occur only in
vegetables of the carrot family and a few other closely related
species such as ginseng.
Previous tests have shown the compounds can have beneficial
effects in tackling inflammation and cancer. They were also
found to reduce cancer growth in rats.

LOCAL VEGETABLES THAT CAN

PREVENT CANCER

BROCOLLI
Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli have long been known to
contain plant chemicals likeindolesthat have anti-cancer action.
Now anew studyconfirms that another plant compound found in
broccolisulforaphanealso has cancer-fighting properties.
The latest study, done by Emily Ho and a team of researchers from
the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University, found that
sulforaphanea powerful antioxidant found in abundance in
broccoli and other cruciferous vegetableshas the power to
selectively target and kill cancer cells, meanwhile leaving normal