CELL

PRESENTED BY: PRANAV PRATAP SINGH

ANIMAL CELL

AnAnimal cellis a form of eukaryotic cell

that makes up many tissuesinanimals. The
animal cell is distinct from other
eukaryotes, most notablyplant cells, as
they lackcell wallsandchloroplasts, and
they have smallervacuoles. Due to the lack
of a rigidcell wall, animal cells can adopt a
variety of shapes, and aphagocyticcell
(white blood cellsthat protect the body by
ingesting harmful foreign
particles,bacteria, and dead ordyingcells)
can even engulf other structures.

ANIMAL CELL

PLANT CELL

Plant cells areeukaryotic cells, or cells with a

membrane-bound nucleus. Unlike prokaryotic
cells, theDNAin a plant cell is housed within
the nucleus. In addition to having a nucleus,
plant cells also contain other membranebound organelles, or tiny cellular structures,
that carry out specific functions necessary for
normal cellular operation. Organelles have a
wide range of responsibilities that include
everything from producing hormones and
enzymes to providing energy for a plant cell.

PLANT CELL

CELL MEMBRANE

Thecell membraneorplasma
membraneis abiological membranethat
separates theinteriorof all cells from the
outside environment.The cell membrane
isselectively permeableto ions and
organic molecules and controls the
movement of substances in and out of
cells.It basically protects the cell from
outside forces. It consists of thelipid
bilayerwith embeddedproteins.

CELL MEMBRANE

CYTOPLASM

Thecytoplasmis the gel-like substance residing

between thecell membraneholding all
thecell's internal sub-structures (called
organelles), except for thenucleus. All the
contents of the cells of prokaryoteorganisms
(which lack acell nucleus) are contained within
the cytoplasm. Within the cells
ofeukaryoteorganisms the contents of thecell
nucleusare separated from the cytoplasm, and
are then called thenucleoplasm. The cytoplasm
is about 70% to 90% water and usually
transparent.

CYTOPLASM

NUCLEUS

Nuclear membrane acts as a physical

barrier, separating the nucleoplasm from
the cytoplasm. It is a semi permeable
membrane and allows transport of
substances in and out of nucleus. Its inner
membrane is involved in protein
synthesis. It acts as a filter in animal cell
and it is brain like organ in animal cell.
The nucleus serves as a storage and
replication facility for DNA - the blueprint
of life.

NUCLEUS

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Theendoplasmic reticulum(ER) is an
organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms
that forms an interconnected network
oftubules,vesicles, and cisterna. The
structure of an endoplasmic reticulum is a
membranous network cisterna (sac-like
structures) held together by the
thecytoskeleton. The endoplasmic
reticulum serves many general functions,
including the facilitation of protein folding
and the transport of synthesized proteins in
sacs calledcisterna.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

GOLGI APPARATUS

TheGolgi apparatus, also known as theGolgi

complexorGolgi body, is anorganellefound in
mosteukaryoticcells.It was identified in 1897
by the Italian physicianCamillo Golgiand named
after him in 1898. The Golgi is composed of
stacks of membrane-bound structures known
ascisternae. The function of the Golgi apparatus
is to modify, sort, and package proteins and
other materials from the cellular endoplasmic
reticulum for storage within the Cell and (much
more often) for the secretion of these
proteinaceous bio-substances to the exterior of
the cell.

GOLGI APPARATUS

LYSOSOMES

Lysosomesare cellularorganellesthat contain

acidhydrolase enzymes that break down waste
materials and cellular debris. These are nonspecific. They can be described as the stomach
of the cell. They are found in animal cells,
while their existence in yeasts and plants are
disputed. These organelles are responsible for
digesting the macromolecules that pose a
threat to the cell by phagocytosis.

LYSOSOMES

MITOCHONDRIA

Incell biology, mitochondrion is

amembrane-enclosed organellefound in
most eukaryotic cells. These organelles
range from 0.5 to 1.0micrometer (m) in
diameter. Mitochondria are sometimes
described as "cellular power plants" because
they generate most of the cell's supply
ofadenosine triphosphate(ATP), used as a
source ofchemical energy. The most
prominent roles of mitochondria are to
produce the energy currency of the cell.

MITOCHONDRIA

VACUOLES

Avacuoleis amembrane- bound organelle

which is present in all plants and fungal cells
and some protist, animals and bacterial cells.
Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments
which are filled with water containing inorganic
and organic molecules includingenzymesin
solution, though in certain cases they may
contain solids which have been engulfed. It
throws unwanted material.

VACUOLE

PLASTIDS
These are major organelles found only in the cells
of plants and algae. Theseare of three typesa) Chloroplasts are one kind of plastids present
mainly in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain green
pigment called as chlorophyll. Chlorophyll
absorbs energy from the sunlight necessary for
photosynthesis.
b) Chromoplasts are the organelles which provide
bright colours to the plant structures like buds,
flowers etc.
c) Leucoplasts are the organelles which store
starch, oils and protein granules.

PLASTIDS

THANK YOU