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Introduction to

Sustainability
Rashid .A. Ateye
Snr. Environmental Advisor

Defining
Sustainable
Development

Sustainable development:
meeting

the needs of the


present without compromising
the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.
World Commission on Environment and
Development (1987): Our Common Future

Elements of sustainability
Environment

Economy

Society

- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

the sustainable
development triangle

Elements of sustainability
Environment

Economy

Society

- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

Elements of sustainability
Environment
biodiversity
materials
energy
biophysical interactions

- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

Elements of sustainability
money and capital
employment
technological growth
investment
market forces

Economy
- World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

Elements of sustainability
human diversity (cultural, linguistic, ethnic)
equity (dependence / independence)
quality of life
institutional structures and organization
political structures

Society

The 3 Es Model
Ecology

Economy

Equity

Pillars of Sustainable
Development

Economic Development poverty eradication

Social Development active participation of


women; education; good governance

Environmental Protection prevent


environmental degradation and patterns of
unsustainable Dev.
At the local, national, regional, and global levels

Economic Development

Poverty eradication
Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the worlds
people with income less than $1/day
Basic health services for all, reduce health
threats
Increase food availability
Combat desertification, mitigate effects of
drought and floods
Provision of clean drinking water
Enhance industrial productivity

Changing Unsustainable Patterns


of Consumption and Production
Developing cleaner, more efficient
energy technologies
Maintain urban air quality and health,
and reduce greenhouse gas
emissions
Sound management of chemicals
throughout the life cycle, and of
hazardous wastes

Protecting the Natural Resource Base

Prevent water pollution to


reduce health hazards and
protect ecosystems
Watershed and
groundwater management
Support desalination of
seawater, water recycling
Ensure the sustainable
development of oceans,
marine environmental
protection

Priority Areas for Action


Priority areas for action, identified by UN Secretary-General Kofi
Annan

Water and sanitation


Energy
Health
Agriculture
Biodiversity protection and ecosystem
management

Water and Sanitation

Water is not only the


most basic of needs
but is also at the
center of sustainable
development.

Water and Sanitation


Some key issues:
Prevent water pollution to reduce health hazards
Protect ecosystems
Introduce technologies for affordable sanitation,
industrial and domestic wastewater treatment
River basin, watershed and groundwater
management
Support desalination of seawater, water recycling
Marine environmental protection - oceans, seas,
the Earths ecosystem

Energy
Some key issues:

Focus on access to energy in rural areas

Energy conservation and energy efficiency


building design & management, better mass
transportation, advanced and innovative
cleaner technologies

Promotion of renewable energy

Action on climate change ratification by


countries of the Kyoto Protocol

Health
Good health is vital for eradicating poverty
and achieving sustainable development.
Some key issues:
Reduce mortality rates in 2015: by 66.7% for
children & infants under 5; by 75% for maternal
mortality rates
Control & eradicate communicable diseases, reduce
HIV prevalence, combat malaria, tuberculosis
Ensure that chemicals are not used and produced in
ways that harm human health
Reduce air pollution

Agriculture
Agriculture is central to sustainable development. About 70% of
the poor in developing countries live in rural areas and depend in
one way or another on agriculture for their survival.

Some key issues:


Address serious soil fertility problems
Diversification of crops
Increase water-use productivity
Apply R&D to increase productivity in crops and
livestock

Livestock Development

Livestock development

Sustainable animal production


Improving productivity of animals
Feed supplementation for increasing
livestock production
Improving fertility and disease
diagnosis

The Healthy Community Model

SOCIETY

ECONOMY
HEALTH

ENVIRONMENT

Sustainability: PROBLEMS

Depletion of finite resources


fuels, soil, minerals, species
Over-use of renewable resources
forests, fish & wildlife, fertility, public funds
Pollution
air, water, soil
Inequity
economic, political, social, gender
Species loss
endangered species and spaces

Sustainability: SOLUTIONS

Cyclical material use


emulate natural cycles; 3 Rs
Safe reliable energy
conservation, renewable energy,
substitution, interim measures
Life-based interests
health, creativity, communication,
coordination, appreciation, learning,
intellectual and spiritual development

Sustainable development
and economic growth
Economic growth must be made:
less material intensive (dematerialization of
the economy)
less energy intensive
more equitable in its impacts

Economic growth may be reduced or


curtailed to meet limitations imposed by
environment, technology, or society

Institutional gaps impeding


sustainable development
2 major gaps:
fragmented decision making
narrow mandates, jurisdictional rigidity,
lack of communication and coordination

lack of accountabiity
failure to make the bodies whose policy
actions degrade the environment
responsible for their actions

Sustainable development...
considers

future and present needs


when making decisions about:
resource and energy use
technological development
direction of investments
social, political & institutional
change...etc. etc. etc.

ECONOMY
ENVT
SOCIETY

TRADITIONAL
DECISION MAKING

ECONOMY
ENVT

NON-PARTICIPATORY
SOCIETY

FRAGMENTED
TRADITIONAL
DECISION MAKING

ECONOMY
ENVT

SOCIETY
SOCIETY

TRADITIONAL
DECISION MAKING

ECO- ECONOMY
SYSTEM
HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT

ECOSYSTEM-BASED
DECISION MAKING

SOCIETY

PARTICIPATORY

ECO- ECONOMY
SYSTEM
HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT

INTEGRATED
ECOSYSTEM-BASED
DECISION MAKING

Fragmented decision-making
private
other
interests
community
groups

public

ISSUE

municipal
regional

federal /
national

provincial /
state

Integrated decision-making
private
other
interests
community
groups

public

ISSUE

municipal

federal/
federal
national

provincial/
state
regional

Sustainability:
How do we move from
rhetoric to reality?

principles

principles
policy

principles
policy
practice

To be useful, principles of
sustainability must:
be easily understood
be applicable in many contexts
be transferrable across scales
translate well from fundamental values into
applied policy and practical action
identify possibilities for radical
transformative change AND
positive incremental change

One example:

Guideposts for Sustainability


Activities are sustainable when they:
1. Use materials in continuous cycles.
2. Use continuously reliable sources of
energy.
3. Encourage desirable human traits (equity;
creativity; communication;
coordination;
appreciation; intellectual
and spiritual
development).

Guideposts for Sustainability


Activities are not sustainable when they:
4. Require continual inputs of non-renewable
resources.
5. Use renewable resources faster than their
rate
of renewal.
6.
Cause cumulative degradation of the
environment.
7.
Require resources in quantities that could
never be available for people everywhere.
8.
Lead to the extinction of other life forms.

discipline
discipline

discipline

discipline

ISSUE

discipline

discipline

discipline
discipline

Thank you

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