DEPARTMENT OF

MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING

PROJECT PRESENTATION
REFRIGERATION USING WASTE
HEAT
IN CARS
KAVINESH.E
DHAMOTHARAN.D
MANOBALAN.A
JOSAN PRAJAI PAUL.P
GUIDE: NALLASAMY.P
( LECTURER PSG COLL OF TECH,CBE)

ABSTRACT
Quite often, peoples own desire for comfort
increases the burden on environment, the use
of private cars and air conditioning units in
them are an example of this. These add
comfort to the people, increasing the burden
on environment. In this project we have tried
to give positive life cycle environmental
impact by reducing the emission of exhaust
gas. This reduction is achieved using vapor
absorption cycle instead of vapor
compression cycle and refrigerant motors
instead of electric motors that is normally
being used.

At present vapor
compression system is
widely being used in
LITERATURE
SURVEY:
automobiles for
refrigeration purpose.
The major disadvantages
of this system are
Compressor runs by the
power from engine
crankshaft, thus reducing
the efficiency of the
engine
Use of refrigerant
increases the cost and
has
environmental
impact
Use of electric motors
for fans and pumps

ENERGY LOSSES IN A VECHILE

Only about 15 percent of the energy from the

fuel you put in your tank gets used to move your
car down the road or run useful accessories, such
as air conditioning. The rest of the energy is lost
to engine and driveline inefficiencies and idling.

LITHIUM
BROMIDE:

Being a salt, lithium bromide does not exert any

pressure and does not boil off when heated. Thus
there is no need of rectifier to separate out the
absorbent vapor from the refrigerant vapor.
The rate of absorption of water vapor comes
down as temperature of the solution increases.
The concentration of a solution does not change with
temperature, its concentration comes down. This is
because the weight of the total solution has
increased on absorbing water, but salt content has
not changed. A stronger solution can absorb more
water vapor than a solution of lower concentration.

WORKING
IN ABSORBER AND GENERATOR
The evaporator and absorber are interconnected. So the refrigerant vapor
formed in the evaporator is absorbed by
the absorbent in the absorber thereby
maintaining the refrigerant vapor
pressure in the evaporator at the low
level required for continuous vaporization
of liquid refrigerator to obtain
refrigeration. To recover the refrigerant
from the absorbent it is pumped from the
absorber to the generator, where it is
heated using steam or hot water.

In condenser, evaporator
On getting heated the absorbent releases
the refrigerant vapor as a high
temperature/pressure vapor. It passes to the
comparatively cooler condenser where it is
condensed. The liquid refrigerant then
passes on to the evaporator thus completing
the refrigerant cycle. The absorbent flows
back from the generator to the absorber
Here the condenser is replaced by the
radiator of the vehicle . When the air cooler
is not switched on the hot coolant water
flows into it,when the AC is switched on it
acts as a condensor for the unit

SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
OF THE ABSORPTION CYCLE

HEAT EXCHANGERS USED

Additionally three heat

exchangers are used
When the absorbent absorbs
water from evaporator, the
absorbent gets heated. This
heat is transferred thro a
heat exchanger to preheat
the cold water from
absorber
Hot coolant water from engine
is used to heat the generator
solution
Exhaust gas is used to heat
the refrigerant to run motors

OPERATING CONDITIONS:

Generator solution temperature = 990C

Generator solution strength= 63.3%
Generator solution vapor
pressure=76.2mmHgabs
Condensing temperature=46 0C
Condensing pressure of refrigerant=76.2mmHg
abs
Absorber solution temperature=38.3 0C
Absorber solution strength=59.5%
Absorber solution vapor pressure=6.35mmHg
Evaporator temperature=4.44 0C
Evaporator refrigerant vapor
pressure=6.35mm(0.25)Hg abs

DRIVING MOTORS

Frequently, refrigerant
turbines
are
not
considered because their
high work to volume ratio
but it can be used to
increase the efficiency.
The
heating
chamber
takes the heat from the
exhaust gas, making the
refrigerant to do useful
work. After expansion the
refrigerant is condensed
to liquid state so that on
repeating the cycle the
heat transfer would be

ADVANTAGES VAPOR ABSORBTION

CYCLE
except for two small centrifugal pumps, there are

no moving parts so less number of moving parts

step less capacity control down to 0%capacity
which is not possible with reciprocating machines
and centrifugals
No Freon used
no recharging cost of refrigerant ,which will be
quite substantial and inevitable in vapor
compression cycle
low working pressure

ADVANTAGES OF REFRIGERANT
MOTORS:
may be loaded until full standstill

overload safe
torque increase at mounting load
low installation cost
maintenance friendly
high power density
can be sterilized

LIMITATIONS OF ABSORPTION
CYCLE
low COP
high heat rejection factor, so requirement of
higher cooling tower and pump capacities
corrosive nature of lithium bromide corrodes
the heat exchanger

LIMITATIONS OF AIR MOTORS

total used energy
noise level
maintenance intervals

FUTURE SCOPE:
Condensed liquid refrigerant from the
condenser can be used for refrigeration by
passing the same through capillary tube and
then to evaporator
All the accessories of a vehicle can be made
to run with the power obtained from
refrigerant turbine, so as to reduce the energy
loss of 2.2%

REFERENCES
Basic Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
- P N Ananthanarayanan

Thermodynamics a practical approach

- Yunus Cengel

Innovative ACR magazine

September - October 2008

www.Wikipedia.org

www.howstuffworks.com