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EXAMPLES OF PROTEINS
HORMONES: Chemical
messengers.
ENZYMES: Helps speed up
chemical reactions by
synthesizing and breaking
down.
ANTIBODIES: Help us fight
pathogens.
HEMOGLOBIN: Found in our
Red Blood Cells.
MELANIN: Determines hair,
eye and skin color.
INSULIN : A type of
hormone made of 51
amino acids
HEMOGLOBIN : over
140 amino acids;
carries the oxygen.
DNA
DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
ACID): the set of instructions
for making proteins.
DNA
ORGANIC
DNA is an ___________________
compound. It is a
polymer (many single parts put together) mad
up of many subunits called NUCLEOTIDES (A T
G C)
DNA is a 2-stranded structure that spirals
to form a double helix.
THE NUCLEOTIDES
There are FOUR
different types of
nucleotide bases.
The bases are
attached to the
strands of DNA.
The bases on the two
ADENINE
(A) always
pairs
with
strands
of DNA
form
THYMINE
(T)pairs
base
GUANINE (G) always pairs with
CYTOCINE (C)A --- T
G --- C
PAIRING PRACTICE
PAIRING PRACTICE
DRAW THE
COMPLIMENTARY
STRAND FOR
BOTH SEQUENCES
OF DNA
This is an example
of DNA replication
DNA replication:
the process of
producing an
identical DNA
MESSENGER RNA
In order for DNA to get the
instructions for making
proteins out into the
cytoplasm, it must make a
messenger. This messenger
is known as messenger
RNA (ribonucleic acid). The
process of creating a
segment od RNA using a
segment of DNA is called
TRANSCRIPTION
MESSENGER RNA
Unlike DNA, MESSENGER RNA
(mRNA) is single stranded and
small. Being single stranded
allows mRNA to leave the
nucleus.
The nucleotide bases in
RNA are ADENINE (A),
CYTOSINE (C) GUANINE
(G), and URACIL (U)
A---U
G---C
WHAT ARE THE NUCLEOTIDE
BASES IN DNA ?
PAIRING PRACTICE
PAIRING PRACTICE
C U C
C G A U
G A U C
G C
C U
C G A A
TRANSCRIPATION PRACTICE
1. REPLICATE THE STRAND OF DNA BELOW BY
DRAWIING THE COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIRS.
A T G A A T T G C C T G A T C A T G C A
T A C T T A T C G G A C T A G T A C G T
2. TRANSCRIBE THE NEW STRAND OF DNA INTO A
STRAND OF RNA
A U G A A U A G C C U G A U C A U G C A
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Every three mRNA bases is equal
to one codon. One codon codes for
one amino acid. The process of
making amino acid chains out of
mRNA is called TRANSLATION
How many codons are in the
mRNA sequence below?
A U G A A U A G C C U G A U C A U G
How many amino acids does this sequence of
mRNA code for?
TRANSCRIPTION VS TRANSLATION
TRANSCRIPTION: the process by which information
in a strand of DNA is copies into mRNA.
TRANSLATION: the process by which proteins are
synthesized using information in a strand of mRNA
SNORK ACTIVITY
: MET-VALSER-LYS =
HAIRY
EXIT TICKET
1. Where does translation occur?
2. Summarize what takes place in translation
3. What process must occur BEFORE translation in
order to produce mRNA?
4. What is a stop codon?
5. Why is it necessary?
6. What is the final product of translation?
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