EVALUATION OF AMYLASE

ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH

TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders
Characterized by an inability of the body to regulate its blood sugar (glucose)
levels
Pancreas is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland but most of its secretory
cells are exocrine.
The acinar tissue (exocrine role) in the pancreas is in the close vicinity of the
islets (endocrine role).

 Amylase comes from 1 of the major group of enzyme hydrolase

Hydrolases catalyzes cleavage of bonds by the addition of H20
Amylase is derived from the greek word "amylone," which means starch.
The main sources of amylase in humans are the pancreas and salivary
glands,
The main function of amylase is to cleave starch into smaller
polysaccharides at the internal 1 to 4 alpha linkage in the process of
digestion.

 In human physiology, both the salivary and pancreatic amylases

are -amylases.
The-amylases arecalciummetalloenzymes, completely unable
to function in the absence of calcium.
-amylase breaks down long-chaincarbohydrates, ultimately
yielding maltotriose and maltose from amylose, or
maltose,glucoseand limit dextrinfromamylopectin.
Because it can act anywhere on thesubstrate, -amylase tends
to be faster-acting than -amylase.3

OBJECTIVES
TO PROVIDE BRIEF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT AMYLASE
TO EVALUATE THE CHANGES IN AMYLASE LEVELS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS
TO STUDY THE CORRELATION OF AMYLASE ACTIVITY WITH CHRONIC
HYPERGLYCEMIA AND DURATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS

MATERIALS AND METHODS

NORMAL AND HEALTHY PATIENT
DIABETIC PATIENTS DIAGNOSED AND HAVING TREATMENT FOR
DIABETES MELLITUS II

FASTING BLOOD SUGAR TEST

Measure according to ethylidine-paranitrophenol glucose (EPNPG7)
Based on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylmaltoheptose to
produce glucose and p-nitrophenylate
Concentration : 405 nm

RESULTS
THIS STUDY WAS CONSIDERED TO ASSESS THE POSSIBLE EXOCRINEENDOCRINE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PANCREAS, BY EVALUATING THE SERUM
AMYLASE LEVELS AND THE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN THE TWO GROUPS:
DIABETIC PATIENTS AND HEALTH PATIENTS (CONTROL) SERUM AMYLASE
ACTIVITY

RELEVANCE
RISK FACTORS LEADING TO DM

INSULT TO PANCREATIC CELLS

INSENSITIVITY OF INSULIN RECEPTORS

DECREASED INSULIN BINDING
DECREASED AMYLASE SECRETION (DECREASE IN EXOCRINE ACTIVITY)

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

STARCH BREAKDOWN IN A NORMAL INDIVIDUAL:

FOOD INTAKE (EX: POTATO/RICE)
DIGESTION OF STARCH BY SALIVARY AMYLASE (SHORT DURATION ONLY)
PASSES THROUGH THE STOMACH
DIGESTION IS CONTINUED BY PANCREATIC AMYLASE

 AMYLASE- ONLY ATTACKS 1,4 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS WHICH PRODUCE

DEXTRINS (INTERMEDIATE CHAINS, GLUCOSE, MALTOSE)
STARCH CONSISTS OF AMYLOSE AND AMYLOPECTIN:
AMYLOSE- LONG, UNBRANCHED CHAIN OF GLUCOSE MOLECULES
- LINKED BY , 1-4 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
AMYLOPECTIN- BRANCHED CHAIN POLYSACCHARIDE WITH , 1-6 LINKAGES
AT ITS BRANCHES
- SIMILAR TO GLYCOGEN (EXCEPT THAT GLYCOGEN IS MORE
BRANCHED)

AMYLASE LEVELS AND ACTIVITY IN TYPE 2

DIABETIC PATIENTS
AMYLASE LEVELS ARE LOW BECAUSE.
IT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DIABETES PROGRESSION DUE TO..