IR

N
N
U
A
S
M
H
IL A
R H
D Z
A
FI
B
D HA
A
M AD
M M
A
M
H
A
U
M UH
M

M
E

L
B
O
8
R
P 1.1
1

The flowsheet shows in Fig. Pq11.18 represents the process for the
production of titanium dioxide (TiO2) used by Canadian Titanium Pigments
at Varennis, Queebee. Sorel slag of the following analysis :

Wt %
TiO2
Fe

70
8

Unert silicates

22

Is fed to digester and reacted with H2So4, which enters as 67& by weight
H2SO4 in a water solution. The reaction in the digester are as follows. :

Reaksi :
TiO2 + H2SO4 -> TiOSO4 + H2O

(1)

Fe + O2 + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2O

(2)

Both reaction are complete. The theoritically rewuires amounts of

H2SO4 for the sorel slag is fed. Pure oxygen is fed in the theoritical
amount for all Fe in the sorel slag. Scrap iron (pure Fe is added to the
digester to reduce the formation of ferric sulfate to negligible amounts.
Thirty six pounds of scrap iron are added per pound of Sorel slag.
The product if the digester are sent to the clarifierm, where all the
inert silicates and unreacted Fe are removed. The solution of TiOSO 4 and
FeSO4 drom the clarifier is cooled, crytllizing the FeSO4,which completely
removed by a filter. Product TiOSO4 solution from the filter evaporated
down to a slurry that is 82% by Weight TiOSO4.
The slurry is sent to a dryer from which a product of pure hydrate,
TiOSO4.H2O is obtained. The hydrate crystaks are sent to a direct-fired
rotary kiln, where the pure TiO2 is produced according to the following
reaction :
Reaksi :
TiOSO4 . H2O
TiO2 +
H2SO4

On the basis of 100 lb of Sorel Slag feed, calculate :

1. The pounds of water removed by the evaporator.
2. The exit lb of H2O per lb dry air from the dryer if the
air enters having 0,036 moles H2O per moles dry air
and the air rate is 18 lb mol of dry air per 100 lb of
Sorel slag.
3. The pound product TiO2 produced.

Lb H2O keluar evaporator ?

TiO2 70%
Fe 8 %
Inert silicate
22%

H2O

3600 lb
Pure Fe

Filter

H2O 33%
Teoritical H2SO4
67%
Digeste
r

Teoritical
O2 100%

Evaporat
or
Clarifie
r

FeSO4

Inert silicate
Unreacted Fe

82%
TiOSO4
18% H2O

Dryer

TiO2 70%
Fe 8 %
Inert silicate 22%

3600 lb
Pure Fe

H2O 33%
Teoritical H2SO4
67%

A
B
Digest
er

Clarifier

Teoritical O2
100%

Inert
siliicates
Unreacted Fe

Filte
r

Reaksi :
TiO2 + H2SO4

TiOSO4 + H2O

Fe + O2 + H2SO4

(1)

FeSO4 + H2O

(2)

H2SO4 teoritis
= 0,876 lbmol + 0,143 lbmol = 1,019
lbmol H2SO4
Lb H2SO4
= 1,019 lbmol x = 99,862 lb H2SO4
Komponen

lb

H2SO4

67

99,862

H20

33

49,186

H2O produk (1)

= 0,876 lbmol TiO2 x = 0,876 lbmol H2O
H2O produk (2)
= 0,143 lbmol Fe x = 0,143 lbmol H2O
Lb H2O produk total
= 1,019 lbmol x = 18,342 lb H2O

Produk TiOSO4 keluar digester

= 0,876 lbmol TiO2 x = 0,876 lbmol TiOSO4
Lb TiOSO4 = 0,876 lbmol x = 140,072 lb TiOSO4

Digest
er

Clarifier

Inert
siliicates
Unreacted Fe

Filte
r

Produk Clarifier
Fe
Inert Silicate
H2O = 18,341 lb H2O
TiOSO4 = 140,072 lb
TiOSO4
FeSO4

Filter
Clarifier

Evaporat
or

FeSO
4

Produk Filter
H2O = 18,341 lb H2O
TiOSO4 = 140,072 lb
TiOSO4
FeSO4

Evaporat
or

Neraca massa pada evaporator

= x 140,072 lb TiOSO4 = 170,82 lb TiOSO4

H2O

H2O masuk dryer = x 170,82 lb TiSO4 = 30,748

lb H2O
Filte
r

H2O evaporasi
= 49,186 lb + 18,342 lb 30,748 lb = 36,79 lb
H 2O
Dry
er


Evaporator
0,036 lbmoles H2O per
lbmoles dry air
Air rate 18 lbmol dry air
per 100 lb Sorel slag

82%
TiOSO4
18% H2O

Dryer

BM rata-rata udara
= ( 0,79 x 28) + (0,21 x 32) = 28,84
Lb dry air masuk
= 18 lbmol dry air x = 519,12 lb dry air
H2O masuk per dry air
= 0,036 x 18 lbmol dry air = 0,648 lbmol H2O
Lb H2O = 0,648 lbmol x = 11,664 lb H2O
H2O masuk dryer sisa evaporasi = 30,748
lb H2O

Reaksi :
TiOSO4 (l)

TiOSO4 .

H2O (s)

H2O dalam TiOSO4 (s)

= 0,876 lbmol TiOSO4 x = 0,876 lbmol TiOSO4 .
H2O
Lb H2O dalam TiOSO4 . H2O
= 0,876 lbmol TiOSO4 . H2O x = 15,768 lb H2O
= = 0,0513

Lb TiO2 keluar evaporator ?

H2SO4

TiO2
Rotary Kiln

Reaksi :
TiOSO4 . H2O

TiO2 +

H2SO4

Lbmol TiO2
= 0,876 lmol TiOSO4 . H2O x = 0,876 lbmol TiO2
Lb TiO2 = 0,876 lbmol x = 69,992 lb TiO2