Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
MACP 2113
Disediakan oleh:
Pn. T.Nirmala Devi
Pengajar U41
Kolej Pembantu Perubatan, Ulu Kinta
OBJEKT
IF
1. Memberi definisi ubatan
decongestant dan anti-histamine.
2. Menyatakan tujuan/ indikasi ubat.
3. Menyatakan dos dan contoh ubat.
Decongestan
ts
Decongesta
nt
Adalah ubat yang digunakan
untuk melegakan kesempitan
dan kepadatan yang berlaku di
nasal akibat dari kongesi/
sekresi/ edema.
Tindakan
ubat
Sympathomimetic drugs
that produce localized
vasoconstriction of the small
blood vessels of the nasal
membranes.
Vasoconstrictions reduces
swelling in the nasal
passages.
Contoh
ubat
Oxymetazoline HCl
(Afrin)
1. Oxymetazoline HCl
(Afrin Nasal Spray)
Category: A
Indicatio
n
Dose
Adult (0.05%):
1 spray into each nostrils
bd
Peads > 1 yr (0.025%):
1 spray into each nostrils
bid
2. Oxymetazoline HCl
(Afrin Nasal Drops)
Category: A
Indicatio
Relief of n
nasal congestion
Dose
Adult (0.05%):
1-2 drops into each nostrils
bd
Peads > 1 yr (0.025%):
1-2 drops into each nostrils
bd
Kesan
sampingan
Nasal burning
Nasal Stinging
Nasal Dryness
Contraindicatio
n
Allergic to drug
Glaucoma
Thyrotoxicosis
Diabetes
Hypertension
CV Disorders
Cautious
Angina
Arrhythmias
Lactation
Interaction
MAOIs
Hypertensive crisis
AntiHistamine
Histamine
Chemical substance that act
on vascular system & smooth
muscles.
Producing dilation of
arterioles and increased
permeability of capillaries.
Anti-Histamine
Ubat yang boleh menentang
atau mengurangkan kesankesan akibat pengeluaran
histamin dalam badan.
Tindakan
ubat
Bersaing dengan histamine
untuk bergabung dengan
reseptor histamine H1.
Gabungan anti-histamine
dengan reseptor H1 tersebut
akan mengurangkan atau
menghalang kesan histamine.
sites
Anti-Histamine
Immune
system
Prevent histamine
release, no allergic
reaction.
Stimulate salivary,
gastric and
bronchial
secretions.
Smooth
muscle
Prevent salivary,
gastric and
bronchial secretions.
Contoh
ubat
Chlorpheniramine maleate
(Piriton)
Promethazine HCl (Phenergen)
Diphenhydramine HCl +
Ammonium Chloride
(Benadryl Expectorant)
Loratadine (Clarityne)
1. Chlorpheniramine maleate
(Piriton)
Category: C
Indicatio
n
Alergi
Selsema
Gigitan Serangga
Konjunktivitis (allergy)
Dose (tablet)
Adult:
4mg q 4-6 hr PO
Max: 24mg/day
Peads :
0.1mg/kg tds-qid
Dose (syrup)
Adult:
5-10ml tds-qid
Peads up to 1 yr:
2.5ml bd
Contraindicatio
n
Allergic to drugs
Glaucoma
Peptic ulcer
Pregnancy
Lactation
2. Promethazine HCl
(Phenergen)
Category: B
Indicatio
n
Alergi
Allergic rhinitis
Control nausea & vomiting
Bahan hipnotik (kanak-kanak
Motion sickness
Dose
Adult:
25mg tds PO
Contraindicatio
n
Allergic to drugs
Coma
Severe CNS deprssion
Bone marrow depression
MAOIs therapy
Lactation
3. Diphenhydramine HCl +
Ammonium Chloride
(Benadryl Expectorant)
Category: C
Indicatio
n
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Angioedema
Motion sickness
Dose
Adult:
5-10ml bd-tds PO
Peads:
2.5-5ml bd-tds PO
Contraindicatio
n
Allergic to drugs
Pregnancy
Lactation
4. Loratadine
(Clarityne)
Category: A
Indicatio
n
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Angioedema
Dose
Adult & Peads > 6 yrs:
10mg once daily PO
Contraindicatio
n
Allergic to drugs
Glaucoma
Peptic ulcer
Kesan Sampingan
Umum
Drowsiness
Sedation & Dizziness
Disorientation
Dry mouth, nose & throat
Photosensitivity
Hypotension
Headache
Interaction
MAOIs
Peningkatan dalam kesan
anti-cholinergic
1.
Soala
n Decongestant &
Beri definisi
Anti-histamine?
2. Terangkan cara tindakan
Decongestant & Anti-histamine?
3. Senaraikan ubat Decongestant &
Anti-histamine?
4. Nyatakan kesan sampingan dan
kontraindikasi ubat
Decongestant & Anti-histamine?
Combination
of
Decongestan
ts & AntiHistamine
Contoh
ubat
Actifed (Triprolidine HCl +
Pseudoephedrine HCl)
Clarinase (Loratadine +
Pseudoephedrine sulphate)
Kandungan:
Triprolidine hidroklorida 2.5 mg
Pseudoephedrine hidroklorida
60 mg
Tindakan
ubat
Triprolidine:
mengurangkan kesan
histamine melalui tindakan
antagonist dengan reseptor
histamina H1.
Ia mempunyai tindakan 'central
nervous system depressant'
Pseudoephedrine:
mempunyai aktiviti
simpatomimetik secara
langsung atau tak langsung
yang berkesan sebagai
dekongestan trek pernafasan
atas.
Indicatio
n
Congestion of respiratory
tract
Allergic Rhinitis
Influenza (common cold)
Dose
Adult & > 12 yrs:
1 tab tid PO
Kesan
sampingan
CNS depression
Drowsiness (mabuk)
Sedation (mengantuk)
Skin rashes (ruam)
Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Urinary retention
Contraindicatio
n
Glaucoma
Severe Hypertension
Coronary artery disease
MAOI therapy.
Cautious
Diabetes
Hypertension
Heart disease
Hyperthyroidism
Increased IOP
Prostatic enlargement
Interaction
Anti-hypertensives
Tricyclic Antidepressants
(TCAs)
Decongestant
Appetite suppresser
Nasihat
Jangan memandu
atau mengendalikan
mesin
Elakan pengambilan
alkohol bersama ubat
actifed
2. Clarinase (Loratadine +
Pseudoephedrine sulphate)
Category: A
Kandungan:
Loratadine 5mg
Pseudoephedrine sulphate
120mg
Tindakan
ubat
Anti-histamine/dekongestan
(vasoconstriction) yang
mempunyai tindakan panjang
dan Non-Sedating'
Indicatio
n Rhinitis
Allergic
Dose
Adult & Peads > 12 yr:
1 tab bid PO
Kesan
Sampingan
Headache
Nervousness
Tachycardia
Insomnia
Dry mouth
Acne
Contraindicatio
n
Allergic to Clarinase
MAOI therapy
Severe Hypertension
Urinary retension
Glaucoma
Severe CAD
Cautious
Increased IOP
Cardiovascular
disease
Prostate Hypertrophy
Hyperthyroidism
Pregnancy
Hypertansion
Diabetes
Ischemic Heart
Interaction
Drugs that inhibit enzyme
cytochrome P 450
Mengubah kepekatan plasma
kedua-dua ubat
Soala
n