Analysis of Seismic Interferometry

For Missing Trace Interpolation

Jakarta, 23th February 2015

Presented by :
Lily Suherlina
Sriwijaya University, 0811-100-2001

Outline

Part
Part
Part
Part

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Overview
Theory
Example Test Data
Conclusion

Outline

Part I.
=
=
=

Overview
Definition of Multiple
Types of Multiple
Utilizing Multiple For Seismic
Interferometry

 Multiples are multiplicative events

which seen in seismic sections and
have undergone more than one
reflection.

Called
Primary
Data

Called
Multiple

Types of Multiple

Sea
bottom

Clay

Water-bottom
Multiple
Shale

limeston
e

Peg-Leg
Multiple

Intra-bed
Multiple

a. Primary Trace

b. First Order Multiple

S

First Order Multiple (b)

turned to Virtual traces
(c)

Outline

Part I. Overview
Part II. Theory
Seismic Interferometry and
Interpolation
Green Function and Delta Dirac
Corelation and Convolution
Reciprocity Equation

Seismic Interferometry
Seismic : one method of exploration
at geophysics
Interferometry : the basic principle of
employing of interference physical.
Seismic interferometry : the process of
generating new seismic responses by
cross-correlating seismic observations
at different receiver location. (Kees
Wapenaar and Jacob Fokkema, EAGE)

Interpolation
The process to estimate or construct
new data of a value within the range
of two data known.
The methods are :
Fourier Transform
Radon Transform
Filter Based Method

Green Function
Green function characterizes the
response of a system to the presence
of a point source (Royston, Andi at Dirac
and Greens note)

Two items are associated with GF:

> linear diferential operator, such
laplacian operator
> Boundary conditions

 The expression at mathematics of

green function given by :

G(x, x) indicates that the Green

function will be a function of the
variable x, and it will also depend on
the parameter x

Delta Dirac
The delta dirac defined as the limit of
sequence of function which only
singular at one point and will be zero
for others.

Convolution
Convolution is a mathematical way to
combine two signals to form the third
signal.
Two signals associated with reflection
coefficient, wavelet and trace
recorded as the output.
The process are involved folding,
translation, multiplication and
addition.

 Example, we have two functions where

:
a =[ 1 2 3 ]
b= [ 4 5 6]
c = a* b =

Note, convolution is commutative

which is a*b= b*a

Correlation
The mathematical way of seismic to seek
up similarity and periodicity of the waves
Autocorrelation is the vector correlation
with itself that employed to see periodicity.
The phase of 2 waves are equal same
Example,
g(t)= [ 2 1 -1 0 0]
g(t) = [ 2 1 -1 0 0],
So..

The process is involved :

translation
multiplication
addition

 Cross correlation is cross

multiplication of two waves that
used to see similarity. It occasionally
applied for velocity analysis.
Also, the phase of two waves are
different.

Reciprocity Equation
Accoding to (Morse and
Feshbach,1953) the reciprocity
describes that pressure trace recorded
at position A excited by source B will
be same as trace located at B for
source excitation at A .
G(A|B) = G(B|A)
Or
G(B|A)= G(A|B)

 Reciprocity equation has two types :

Reciprocity equation type
convolution

Reciprocity equation type correlation

Outline

Part I. Overview
Part II. Theory
Part III. Example of Test Data
Field Parameters
Work flow
Result

Field Parameters
Source of Test data:

Sigsbee 2B synthetic

Number of Traces

348 traces per shot gather

Time samples

1500 second

Interval receiver

75 feet = 24.75 m

Interval Source

150 feet = 49.5 m

Number of Removing Near

Traces

20 traces

Length of Removing Near

Traces

1500 feet = 495 m

Interpolate Trace

At shot 319

Distance source to nearest

receiver

175 m inline and 15 m x-line

Work Flow

Input Data

Input Synthetic Data

Create the original data
Remove 20 traces
near offset
Generate Interferometric Pseudo Shot
Profile obtained by x-crelating 120 original
traces
Interpolate missing 20 near offset with
interferometric pseudo shot
Result of Interferometric Interpolation Trace
Y
Apply AGC
Compare of Original data and Interferometric Interpolation

Original Data

Remove 20 trace near-offset

Interferometric Pseudo shot obtained

x-correlation 120 original traces

Compared Original Data with Interferometric

Pseudo Shot

Interferometric Interpolation Between

Pseudo shot and missing near-offset

Compared to Original data and

Interferometric Interpolation

Outline

Part I. Overview
Part II. Theory
Part III. Example of Test Data
Part IV. Conclusion
advantages
Liabilities

Conclusion
Advantages :
=>> Better Spatial Resolution
=>> Wider Illumination
=>> The acquisition is much faster
=>> The supression of cost be
lower
=>> Much less environmental
impact
=>> Greater Fold

Advantages of Interpolation Trace SSP

Better Vertical.
Resolution

Better
Fold
Wider Coverage

Conclusion
Liabilities :
=>> Passive source generate the
weak energy
=>> Recording time needs longer
=>> mismatching wavelet virtual
trace

THANK YOU

X-corr

X-corr

X-corr

Autocorr

convolution

RESULT OF TEST DATA

To compare pseudo vs
original

To compare interferometric
interpolation (result) vs pseudo shot

To compare pseudo vs
substraction (resultpseudo)

To compare interferometric
interpolation (result) vs original data

To compare Pseudo vs substraction

(pseudo result)

Support slide

substraction=[result(1:300,:) - pseudoshot(1:300,:)];