RANPAR

Combined
(RANPAR Rel. 99
+ RANPAR 1 & 2)
RN 3167-30A
Nokia Siemens Networks

Nokia Siemens Networks

RN 3167-30A / AA / 04_2011

Course Objectives

Nokia Siemens Networks

RN 3167-30A / AA / 04_2011

Describe the purpose, structure & functionality

of each RRM functional entity
Describe the NSN RAN parameter database
structure
Understand the Power setting and Power
Control mechanism
Describe the principles of Resource Allocation
and Load Control in the NSN RAN
Understand the different types of Handover
and Handover mechanism of the NSN solution
Explain the HSDPA & HSUPA technologies
and their differences towards Rel. 99 RRM
List RU20 & RU30 HSPA+ improvements and
their advantages

Course Content
Radio Resource Management Overview
Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling
Handover Control
Resource Manager
HSDPA RRM & parameters
HSUPA RRM & parameters
HSPA+ features & parameters

Nokia Siemens Networks

RN 3167-30A / AA / 04_2011

Radio Resource Management (RRM) Overview:

Module Objectives

At the end of the module you will be able to:

Describe the purpose of RRM
List the RRM functional entities
Describe the purpose of each RRM functional entity

Nokia Siemens Networks

RN 3167-30A / AA / 03_2011

Radio Resource Management

Radio Resource Management (RRM) is responsible for optimal
utilisation of the air interface resources
Target for RRM is to ensure the RAN offers:
The planned coverage for each targeted service
High capacity i.e. low blocking (new calls, handovers)
The required Quality of Service (QoS)
Optimize the use of available capacity (priorities)
By continuously monitoring/adjusting how the available resources are used in accordance
with user requests

Link Quality

Cell Capacity
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RRM

Cell Coverage

RRM Tasks

Overload

Overload Margin
Load Target

Power

RRM must be able to:

Predict the impact on interference (power) of
the admitting a new user for UL & DL
Perform appropriate actions (e.g. new call
admissions, bitrate increase/decrease etc.) in
accordance with prevailing load conditions
Provide different quality of service for real
time (RT) and non-real time (NRT) users
Take appropriate corrective action when the
different cell load thresholds are exceeded in
order to maintain cell stability (i.e. load
control)

Time
Estimated
capacity for NRT
traffic
Measured load
caused
by non-controllable
load (RT)

RT services must have higher quality assurance than NRT

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RRM Functional Split

RRM is made up of a number of closely interdependent functions (i.e.
algorithms)
These functions can be divided into;

Cell Based
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)

LC

PS

RM

Packet Scheduling (PS)

Resource Manager (RM)

AC

Cell based functions

Connection Based
Handover Control (HC)
Power Control (PC)

PC
HC
Connection based functions

Nokia Siemens Networks

RN 3167-30A / AA / 03_2011

Power Control PC
WCDMA systems are interference limited; therefore, it is beneficial to reduce
transmission power as far as possible (without violate the required quality).
Thus, the target of PC is to achieve the min. SIR that is required to offer
sufficient quality of the connection.
PC works on a per-connection basis.

MS

BTS

RNC

Power Control

Power Control
Load Control
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Power Control
Handover Control
Admission Control
Load Control
Packet Scheduler

Load Control functions

The load control function within RRM can be divided:
Preventative load control (e.g. congestion)
Overload control (e.g. dropping of calls in worst case)

Preventative actions are performed before the cell is overloaded (threshold y)

Overload actions are performed after cell is overloaded (threshold x)
RNP parameters define the thresholds for the RRM functionalities
The thresholds define a stable functionality within a cell & with surrounding cells

Overload Control
Preventative Load Control

Estimated capacity for

NRT traffic.

Power

Overload
threshold x
Load Target
threshold y

Measured load caused by

non-controllable load (RT)
Time

Nokia Siemens Networks

RN 3167-30A / AA / 03_2011

Load Control LC
Load change info

Load status

NRT load

LC

AC
PS

LC performs the function of load control in association with Admission Control AC &
Packet Scheduling PS
Updates load status using measurements & estimations provided by AC & PS
Continuously feeds cell load information to PS & AC:
Interference levels
BTS power levels
Non-controllable load

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Load differentiation:
Total load =
Controllable load +
Semi-controllable load +
Non-controllable load

Admission Control AC
Grant
Checks that admitting a new user will not sacrifice planned
coverage or quality of existing connections
Determines whether RABs or RRC connections can be
admitted
Handles RT RABs by estimating the increase in non-controllable load
In the decision UL interference & DL power measurements by BTS
are used
Since RAS06 the UL throughput is considered for AC, too
UL & DL admission conditions must both be fulfilled to admit a new
call or modified existing call

Provides RLC parameters to PS for NRT users, e.g.

Bearer class
Transport Formats

AC sets quality and power parameters for the radio link, e.g.:
UL/DL BLER, Eb/No targets, SIR target
Initial DL transmission power

AC takes place in the RNC

11

Nokia Siemens Networks

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Admission
Decision

Reject

Packet Scheduler PS

Packet Scheduler in RNC schedules

radio resources for both UL & DL R99
NRT RABs
Scheduling period defined by RNP
parameters
PS relies on up-to-date information from
AC & LC
Capacity allocated on a needs basis
using best effort approach

power
Overload threshold
Target threshold

Total Load
controllable load
non-controllable load
time

12

PS allocation times need to be fast to accommodate changing conditions &

accurate (up-to-date load info)
Capacity requests sent via traffic volume measurement reports (governed by
RNP parameters)
PS comprises two parts: UE specific & Cell specific
HSDPA & HSUPA resources are scheduled by the Node B

Nokia Siemens Networks

RN 3167-30A / AA / 03_2011

Handover Control HC
HC is responsible for:
Managing the mobility aspects of an RRC connection as UE move around network
Maintaining connection quality by ensuring UE is always served by best cell
saving capacity

Intra-Frequency Handovers

WCDMA F1

Softer/Soft Handover

UE simultaneously connected to multiple

cells from same/different Node Bs

Mobile Evaluated Handover MEHO

Hard Handover

when Inter-RNC SHO is not possible

(Iur not supported or Iur congestion)

in case of HSDPA

WCDMA F1

WCDMA F2

WCDMA F1

WCDMA F2

WCDMA F1

Inter-Frequency Handover
can be Intra-BS, Intra-RNC or Inter-RNC
Network Evaluated Handover NEHO

Inter-RAT Handover
Handovers between WCDMA and GSM, LTE or WLAN
Network Evaluated Handover NEHO
13

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GSM
WCDMA

GSM

Resource Manager RM
Responsible for managing the logical radio resources of the RNC in co-operation with
AC and PS
On request for resources, from either AC(RT) or PS(NRT), RM allocates:
DL Channelisation Code
UL Scrambling Code

Code Type

Uplink

Downlink

Scrambling codes

User separation

Cell separation

Channelisation codes

Data & control channels from same UE

Users within one cell

cares about code tree management (to maintain orthogonality);

Initial code selection codes concentrated to same branch
Code de-fragmentation dynamic reallocation of codes as users enter/leave system

DL spreading code allocation for HSDPA users can be dynamic from RAS06 on
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RN 3167-30A / AA / 03_2011

HSDPA - general principle

Channel quality
(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2

1 6 Q A M 3 /4

Data

20

40

60

80

Tim e [n u m b e r o f TTIs]

100

120

140

1 6 Q A M 2 /4
Q P S K 3 /4
Q P S K 2 /4

UE1

Q P S K 1 /4

Channel quality
(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)

Data

UE2

New
NewWBTS
WBTSfunctions:
functions:
Fast
HARQ
Fast HARQretransmissions
retransmissions
Fast
Adaptive
Fast AdaptiveModulation
Modulation&&Coding
Coding
Fast
FastPacket
Packetdata
datascheduling
scheduling(short
(shortTTI)
TTI)

Users may be time and/or code multiplexed

Fast scheduling is done directly in Node-B based on feedback information from UE
and knowledge of current traffic state.
Hard Handover only
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160

HSUPA / Comparing HSUPA to R99 and HSDPA

HSUPA is 3GPP Rel6 Enhanced FDD Uplink
main characteristics:

E-DCH

Fast WBTS Packet Scheduling

Fast L1 HARQ algorithms
Fast Link Adaptation
2ms or 10ms TTI periods
Soft Handover
SF down to SF = 2
Peak Rates up to 5.76 Mbps

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Rel99
DCH

Rel5
HSDPA

Rel6
HSUPA

Var. spreading factor

Fast power control

Adaptive modulation

WBTS based scheduling

Fast L1 HARQ

Soft Handover

TTI length [ms]

80,40,20,10

10,2

Feature

HSPA+ Improvements

Improving the DL peak rates, cell throughput & spectrum efficiency:

64QAM: Enhanced HSDPA Modulation

MIMO: Intelligent Multi-Antenna Systems
DC-HSDPA: Dual-Carrier/Cell Transmission

RU20

Improving the cell throughput & spectrum efficiency:

DL Flexible RLC
Continuous Packet Connectivity
CS Voice over HSPA

DL Peak Rates up to: 21/28/42 Mbps

UL Peak Rates up to: 5.8 Mbps
DL Peak Rates up to: 84 Mbps
UL Peak Rates up to: 5.8 Mbps

HSDPA Improvements:

DC-HSDPA + 64QAM + MIMO

General Improvements:
Fast Dormancy
Multi-Band Load Balancing MBLB

17

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HSUPA Improvements:
Frequency Domain Equalizer
HSUPA Interference Cancellation
Receiver

RU30

Slide count & module versions

18

Learning Element

Module Version

Slides*

LE 01 Radio Resource Management Overview

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

19 / 30

LE 02 Parameter Configuration

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

29 / 29

LE 03 Common Channels & Power Control

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

57 / 62

LE 04 Load Control

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

24 / 25

LE 05 Admission Control

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

70 / 88

LE 06 Packet Scheduling

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

90 / 126

LE 07 Handover Control

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

143 / 165

LE 08 Resource Manager

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

11 / 12

LE 09 HSDPA RRM & parameters

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

118 / 129

LE 10 HSUPA RRM & parameters

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

98 / 104

LE 11 HSPA+ RRM

RANPAR Combi RU30_v1.0

101 / 54

Total

RANPAR

Nokia Siemens Networks

RN 3167-30A / AA / 04_2011

* RU30 (RU20)

760 / 824