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Contents
DC motor principles
The Advantages
The drawbacks
Series dc motor
Shunt dc motor
Compound dc motor
Series motors
Ra
ia
Rf
Ea
VT (dc
supply)
VT Ea ia ( Ra R f )
note : ia iL
Ea K1 K 2 I a
P
Pm
Pca=ia2Ra
P is normally given
Pin = Pout + total losses
Where,
Pm= Ea ia
Pout
60 P
60 Po
for output / load torque , o
2 N
60 Pm
for mechanical torque , m
2 N
P
Efficiency, out
Pin
Ra
ia
Rf
Ea
VT (dc
supply)
Figure 1
Example 2:
Rf
A 600V 150-hp dc machine in
Ra
ia
Figure 2 operates at its full rated
load at 600rpm. The armature and
field resistance are 0.12 and
0.04 respectively. The machine
M
draws 200A at full load. Assume
Ea
VT (dc
stray losses 1700W. Determine
supply)
a) the armature back emf at full load,
Ea
b) developed/mechanical power and
Figure 2
developed/mechanical torque
c) assume that a change in load
results in the line current dropping
to 150A. Find the new speed in
rpm and new developed torque.
{Hint: Ea=K1K2ia}
[568V, 113.6kW, 1808Nm, 811.27rpm, 1017Nm]
Shunt motors
Shunt
motors
use
highresistance
field
windings
connected in parallel with the
armature.
Varying the field resistance
changes the motor speed.
Shunt motors are prone to
armature reaction, a distortion
and weakening of the flux
generated by the poles that
results in commutation problems
evidenced by sparking at the
brushes.
Installing additional poles, called
interpoles,
on
the
stator
between the main poles wired in
series
with
the
armature
reduces armature reaction.
ia
iL
Ra
if
Ea
Rf
VT (dc
supply)
VT Ea ia ( Ra )
note : iL ia i f
VT i f R f
P
Pm
Pca=ia2Ra
P is normally given
Pin = Pout + total losses
Where,
Pm= Ea ia
Pout
60 P
60 Po
for output / load torque , o
2 N
60 Pm
for mechanical torque , m
2 N
P
Efficiency, out
Pin
Shunt Motor
Example
Compound motors
VT Ea ia ( Ra R f 2 )
note : iL ia i f
VT i f R f 1
ia
Ra
Rf2
iL
if
Ea
Rf1
T (dc
supply)
Pcf2=ia2Rf2
Pin=VTiL
P
Pm
Pcf1=if2Rf1
P is normally given
Pin = Pout + total losses
Where,
Pm= Ea ia
Pout
60 P
60 Po
for output / load torque , o
2 N
60 Pm
for mechanical torque , m
2 N
P
Efficiency, out
Pin
DC
2 pnZ
Ea
K f if n K f n
60C
If
Rf
Lf
Vf
ia
KVL:
note : ia iL
Ra
La
Ea
Vf if Rf
VT Ea ia Ra
VT
R
a
VK f I f
2Ra
Starting
torque
Ea
K f 2 I f 2n
2Ra
K f 2 I f 2n
slope
2Ra
=0
n=0
nNL n
K f 2 I f 2n
2Ra
note that, there are three variables that can influence the speed of
the motor, V
Variables
If
Ra
Thus, there are three methods of controlling the speed of the
shunt and separately excited dc motor,
i. Armature terminal voltage speed control
ii. Field speed control
iii. Armature resistance speed control
start
VK f I f
c
2Ra
K f 2 I f 2n
slope
2Ra
Will be changed
Ra2
Ra3
n3
n2 n1
nNL n
iii.
i.
m
If1 < If2 < If3
1 < 2 < 3
Base speed
n 1 n2
n3
nNL1
nNL2
nNL3
ii.
iii.
AC supply rectifier
DC supply chopper
Slope constant
n3
n2
n1
nNL2 nNL1 n
nNL3
Armature reaction
Armature inductance
Armature Reaction
2.
3.
Armature Reaction
Armature Reaction
Armature Reaction
Armature Reaction
Armature Reaction
Armature Reaction
Armature Inductance