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(1880-1905)
Art Nouveau (French for 'new art'),
is an international movement and style of art,
architecture
and applied artespecially the decorative artsthat
peaked in
popularity at the turn of the 20th century (18901905).
A reaction to academic art of the 19th century,
it is characterized by organic, especially floral and other
plant-inspired motifs, as well as highly-stylized, flowing
curvilinear forms.
Art Nouveau is an approach to design according to
which
ORIGIN
The origins of Art Nouveau are found in the
resistance of William Morris to the cluttered
compositions and the revival tendencies of the
Victorian era and his theoretical approaches
that helped initiate the Arts and crafts
movement,
However, Arthur Mackmurdo's book-cover
for Wren's City Churches (1883), with its
rhythmic floral patterns, is often considered
the first realization of the Art Nouveau,
Offshoot of industrialization,
Inadequate living conditions, streets devoid
of trees led to a backlash, and
Back to nature movement came into
being, thus started Art nouveau known as Art
Nouveau in France, England, Belgium and Low
Inspiration
Art Nouveau new and highly decorative style arose during the
era La Belle Epoque. Nurtured by late Baroque and Rococo,
Gothic revival, Arts and Crafts movement, Celtic revival and
Arts of China and Japan.
Inspired By
Late Baroque and Rococo
The Gothic Revival
The Arts and Craft Movement
The Celtic Revival
The Arts of China and Japan
Art...
Spearheaded by artists like
French Door
Window Glass
A broach
Fireplace
Architecture
Salient features:
Asymmetrical shapes
Extensive use of arches and curved forms
Curved glass
Plant-like embellishments
Japanese motifs
Stained glass
Honesty of
construction and
materials.
Flowing, Dynamic,
Graceful and Ethereal
forms.
Sculpture form of
buildings.
Mackintosh,
Glasgow School of
Art
Hector Guimard,
Metro Entrance,
Paris
Mackintosh, Hill
House
Architects
Art Nouveau was also a movement of distinct individuals
such as
Gustav Klimt,
Charles Rennie Mackintosh,
Alfons Mucha,
Antonio Gaud,
Hector Guimard,
Victor Horta,
Louis Comfort Tiffany
each of whom interpreted it in their own individual manner.
VICTOR HORTA
Victor, Baron Horta
(January 6, 1861 - September 9, 1947)
was a Belgian architect.
Horta is one of the most important names in
Art Nouveau architecture; the construction of
his Hotel Tassel in Brussels in 1892-93 means
that he is sometimes credited as the first to
introduce the style to architecture from the
decorative arts.
The French architect Hector Guimard was
deeply influenced by Horta and further
spread the "whiplash" style in France and
abroad.
Tassel House
ARCHITECT
: VICTOR HORTA
LOCATION
: BRUSSEL, BELGIUM
DATE
: 1892-93
BUILDING TYPE : LARGE HOUSE
CONSTRUCTION : IRON,WOOD,CUT
STONE FACADE
SYSTEM.
CONTEXT
: URBAN
NOTES
HECTOR GUIMARD
1867-1942
FAMOUS WORKS:
ECOLE DU SACRE COEUR, PARIS (1895)
CASTEL BERANGER (1894-99)
METROPOLITAIN, PARIS (1900-13)
SALLE HUMBERT DE ROMANS, PARIS (18971901; DEM. 1907)
MAISON COILLIOT, LILLE (1898-1900)
INFLUENCED BY HORTAS
WORK, IMMEDIATELY
CHANGED HIS DESIGNS FOR
A LUXURIOUS APARTMENT
BLOCK CASTEL BERANGER.
IT EMERGED WITH A
STRIKING STAIRCASE HALL
DESIGNED AS A METAL
CAGE OF IRON, GLASS
BRICKS AND FAIENCE,
APPROACHED THROUGH A
MEMORABLE ENTRANCE
GATE OF WROUGHT IRON
AND COPPER FORMING A
VIVACIOUS COMPOSITION
WHICH SOMEHOW UNITED
GOTHIC, ROCOCO,
JAPANESE EFFECTS.
THIS VERNACULAR
ROMANTICISM WAS HIGHLY
POPULAR IN FRANCE AROUND
THESE YEARS.
GUIMARDS STRANGE
IRON METRO
STATIONS WITH THEIR
PROTECTIVE GLASS
CANOPIES LIKE
DRAGONFLY WINGS,
AND THEIR GREENPAINTED STALKS LIKE
ANTENNAE, SETTLED
ON THE CITY LIKE A
CLOUD OF LOCUSTS.
THESE SEEMS AS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF TRADITIONAL PARISIAN
SCENE,BUT THEY WERE DESIGNED AS A DELIBERATE AFFRONT TO
THE BEAUX-ARTS CLASSICISM OF THE DAY.
REMARKABLE CONCERT
HALL WITH EIGHT METAL
SUPPORTS, SHEATHED IN
MAHOGANY, LEANING
INWARDS LIKE JUNGLE
TREES TO SUPPORT THE
YELLOW GLASS CUPOLA.
THIS STRANGE
GROTTO-LIKE
ROOM, PART
GOTHIC PART ART
NOUVEAU, WAS
DESIGNED AS
THE FOCUS OF A
SCHOOL OF
DIVINE ART.
ANTONIO GAUDI
ANTONIO GAUDI
(June 25, 1852-1926)
was a Catalan Architect.
He graduated as architect in 1878.
Almost his entire professional activity took place in Barcelona,
where the greater part of his work is found.
He was influenced by the writings of Ruskin who began as a
Gothic Revivalist.
CASA MILA
ARCHITECT
: ANTONIO GAUDI
LOCATION
: BARCELONA, SPAIN
DATE
: 1905-1907
BUILDING TYPE : MULTIFAMILY
HOUSING
CONSTRUCTION : MASONARY AND
CONCRETE SYSTEM
CONTEXT
: URBAN
NOTES
: Expressionistic,
fantastic, organic forms in undulating faade
and roof line, light court. "La Pedrera-the
quarrywas the name an astounded
population gave to this completely unique
building. It could be compared with the
steep cliff walls in which African tribes build
their cave-like dwellings. The wavy facade,
with its large pores, reminds one also of an
undulating beach of fine sand, formed, for
: Church of
ARCHITECT
: ANTONIO GAUDI
LOCATION
: BARCELONA, SPAIN
DATE
: 1900-1914
BUILDING TYPE : PARK, SCULPTURED GARDEN
CONSTRUCTION : EARTH, PLANTINGS, MASONARY
SYSTEM
CONTEXT
: URBAN
NOTES
housing site,
1923.
CHARLES RENNIE
MACKINTOSH
CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH
(1868-1928)
ATTENDED GLASGOW SCHOOL OF
ARTS
In 1884 he began an apprenticeship
with John Hutchinson.
In 1889 he became an architectural
assistant with Honeyman & Keppie.
In 1890 he won a traveling scholarship
and toured Italy before settling down
into practice.
HILL HOUSE
ARCHITECT
: CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH
LOCATION
: HELENSBURG, SCOTLAND
DATE
: 1902-1904
BUILDING TYPE : LARGE HOUSE
CONSTRUCTION : BEARING MASONARY
CONTEXT
: URBAN
NOTES
: Asymmetrical massing.
The narrow building stretches west to east with an entrance off
the road to the west, so that all major rooms face south to the
view of the estuary.
At the eastern end of these major rooms a wing extends north,
with rooms for the kitchen and services and the children. Out of
these simple wings volumes extend, a curving stair volume to
the north, a sunny drawing room bay to the south, a curved bay
for the bedroom, compositional extrusions in the simple major
volumes which focus views and bring in light.
Bibliography
The Story Of Architecture From Antiquity To The
Bibliography
Charles Rennie Mackintosh by Charlotte And Peter