Lecture on

ARMEURE WINDING
By
B. Shanker
Electrical Engineering Department
Bapatla Engineering college
Bapatla

A Simple AC Generator

Rotating Magnetic Field

Electric Motor

Autumn Quarter

Lab 3 P. 7

CONDUCTOR (Z)
Each individual length of wire lying within the magnetic field is
called conductor. It may be made of one or more parallel
strands.(AB-CD)
Z = Number of slots x number of coil sides per slot
TURN
One turn consist of two conductors. Two conductors AB & CD
form one turn. The two conductors of a turn are usually a
pole-pitch apart, so that generated emf in these conductors are
additive in nature. (AB+CD)
COIL
When one or more turns are connected in series and the two ends
of it are connected to a adjacent commutator segment it is
termed as a coil.

COIL SIDES
Each coil, single-turn or multi-turn, has two sides called the coil
sides, embedded in two different slots nearly a pole pitch apart
COIL GROUPS
A coil group may have one or more single coils.
WINDINGS
Number of coils arranged in coil groups is called the winding.
INDUCTOR
One of the wires making up the coil sides is called the inductor
and a voltage is induced in the conductor.

FRONT END CONNECTION

A wire that connects the end of a coil to a commutator segment, is
called the front end connector. This wire is located at that part
of the coil that is nearest the commutator.
BACK END CONNECTION
A wire that connects an inductor on one side of coil to an inductor
on the other side of the coil is called the back end connector. It
is on the end opposite to that of commutator.
POLE PITCH
It is defined as the number of conductors per pole.
Pole pitch = no.of conductors / pole.(Z/p)
It is defined as the peripheral distance between identical points
on two adjacent poles. Pole pitch is always equal to 1800
electrical.

COIL SPAN OR COIL PITCH

The distance between the two coil-sides of a coil is called coil-span
or coil-pitch. It is measured in terms of teeth, slots or electrical
degrees.
CHORDED-COIL
If the coil span or coil pitch = pole pitch, then the coil is termed a
full-pitched coil.
In case the coil-pitch < pole pitch, then it is called chorded,
short-pitch or fraction-pitch coil.
(or) Pole pitch = slots / pole.

FRONT PITCH (YF)

The distance in terms of number of armature conductors
between the second conductor of one coil and the first
conductor of next coil which are connected to the same
commutator segment on the front or commutator end.
The distance between the two coil-sides connected to the same
commutator segment, is called front pitch (YF)
BACK PITCH (YB)
The distance in terms of number of armature conductors between
the last and the first conductors of the same coil. It is also
called coil pitch or coil span or coil spread.
RESULTANT PITCH (YR)
The distance in terms of number of armature conductors between
the start of one coil and start of next coil to which is connected.

COMMUTATOR PITCH (YC)

The distance between the two commutator segment, to which the
two ends of one coil are joined, is called commutator pitch
The distance measured in terms of commutator segments between
the segments to which the two ends of a coil are connected.
SINGLE-LAYER WINDING
One coil-side occupies the total slot area, then it is called
single-layer winding.
DOUBLE-LAYER WINDING
The slot contains even number (2,4,6,etc.) of coil sides in two
layers, the winding is referred to as a two-layer winding.
Advantages: i) Easier to house the winding in slots during
repairs.
ii) Lower leakage-reactance ,therefore better performance.
iii) Better EMF waveform in case of generators and
iv) More economical.

TYPES OF ARMATURE WINDINGS

1.OPEN COIL WINDING
Open coil winding is that winding which does not close on itself.
This type of winding is never employed in D.C machines, but is
usually employed in A.C machines.
2.CLOSED COIL WINDING
Closed coil winding is that winding which closes on itself.
D.C machines employ only closed coil windings in order to
provide for the commutation of the coil. (used in A.C also)
It is two types
i) RING WINDING
o) Increased consumption of copper
o) Maintenance and repairs more costly
o) Insulation of winding more difficult
o) Construction requires a large air gap, so stronger field
excitation is required to produce the required flux.

ii) DRUM WINDING

o All armature copper, except end connections, is active, i.e.it
cuts flux and therefore is active in generating E.M.F.
o The coils can be pre-formed and insulated before placing on
the armature, hence cost is reduced.
o In general there are two types of drum armature windings
LAP WINDINGS
WAVE WINDINGS
They differ only by the manner in which the coil ends are
connected to the commutator bars.
In simple-lap windings the coil ends are connected to adjacent
commutator segments.
While the ends of the wave winding coils are connected to the
commutator segments at points separated by approximately
twice the distance between adjacent poles.

1. LAP WINDING
. The finish of one coil is connected to a commutator segment
and to the start end of the adjacent coil situated under the
same pole and similarly all coils are connected. This winding is
known as lap winding because the side of successive coils
overlap each other.
. Lap winding may be further classified as being a
simplex(single) or multiplex(double or triple).
. The lap winding may be progressive(i.e.it progress in the
direction in which the coils are wound) or retrogressive(i.e.it
progress in the opposite direction).
. Progressive winding : YB>YF the winding progresses from left
to right.
. Retrogressive winding : YB<YF the winding progresses from
right to left.
. Commutator pitch YC = + 1 progressive
= - 1 retrogressive

 DUPLEX LAP WINDING :

The distance between the segments to which the two ends of one
coil are connected is 2.(YC = +/- 2)
TRIPLEX LAP WINDING :
The distance between the segments to which the two ends of coil
are connected is 3.(YC = +/- 3)
MULTIPLEX WINDING YC = +/- M

IMPORTANT POINT REGARDING LAP WINDING

1. The coil or back pitch (YB) must be approximately equal to the
pole pitch.
Pole pitch = YB = Z/P
2. The back pitch(YB) should be either lesser or greater than front
pitch(YF) by 2M where M is the multiplicity of the winding.
YB = YF +/- 2M
Where M = 1 for simplex winding
= 2 for duplex winding
= 3 for triplex winding and so on.
. YB > YF progressive winding and YB = YF+2M
. YB < YF retrogressive winding and YB = YF 2M
3. The back pitch(YB) and front pitch(YF) must be odd.

4.The average pitch is equal to pole pitch.

Yavg = (YB+YF)/2 = Z/p.
5.The resultant pitch YR is always even .
YR = 2M
YR = 2 for simplex winding
= 4 for duplex winding
= 6 for triplex winding and so on
6.The commutator pitch YC = M.
= 1 for simplex winding
= 2 for duplex winding
= 3 for triplex winding
7.Number of parallel paths in lap winding = mp
= p for simplex winding
= 2p for duplex winding
= 3p for triplex winding

Thank you