TYPES OF BOILERS

BOILER

Is a closed vessel in which

steam is produced from water by
combustion of fuel

Classification Of Boilers
Horizontal, Vertical and Inclined boilers
Fire tube and Water tube boilers
Externally fired and Internally fired
boilers
Forced circulation and Natural circulation
boilers
High pressure and Low pressure boilers
Stationary and Portable boilers
Single and Multi tube boilers

FIRE TUBE BOILERS

Simple Vertical Boiler

Capacity 2500
kg/hr
Pressure 7 10 bar

 It consists of a cylindrical shell greater part of

which is filled with water and remaining is
steam space
At the bottom of the fire box is grate on which
fuel is burntand ash is collected in ash pit
The fire box is provided with two cross tubes to
increase the heating surface and to increase the
circulation of water
After heating the water and converting it into
steam , flue gases escape into the atmosphere
through chimney

Cochran Boiler
Specifications :
Shell diameter 2.75m
Height 5.79m
Working Pressure
6.5bar
Steam capacity
3500kg/hr
Efficiency 70-75%

 Consists of a cylindrical shell with a dome

shaped top where the space is provided for the
steam
The fuel is burnt on the grate and ash is
disposed of from ash pit
The flue gases enter the combustion chamber
through fire tube and passes to no of horizontal
tubes surrounded by water
Thereafter gases escape into the atmosphere
through smoke box and chimney
Number of hand holes are provided around the
outer shell for cleaning purpose

Cornish Boiler

Specifications
Number of tubes : one
Diameter of shell 1.25 to 1.75m
Length of the shell 4 to 7m
Pressure of steam 10.5 bar
Steam capacity 6500 kg/hr

 It consists of a cylindrical shell surrounding a

fire tube containing the furnace
Products of combustion from the furnace
moves along the fire tube at the end of which
they split and enters the side flue channels
and flow back to the initial posn
From there enters the bottom flue channel and
escapes into atmosphere through chimney
Dampers are placed to control the flow of hot
flue gases

Lancashire Boiler

Specifications

Diameter of the shell 1 to 3 meters

Length of the shell 7 to 9 meters
Maximum working pressure 16 bar
Steam capacity 9000 kg/hr

 It consists of a cylindrical shell inside which two

large fire tubes are placed. The shell is constructed
of several rings of cylindrical form
The shell is placed on a brick work which forms
several channels for the flow of hot gases
As mentioned there are two fire tubes which are
also constructed with several ring of cylindrical
form
The furnace is placed at front end of each fire tube
The coal is introduced to grate from the fire door
There is a low brickwork fire bridge at the back of
the gate to prevent the entry of the burning coal
and ashes into the interior of the furnace tubes

 The combustion products from the

grate pass up to the back end of the
furnace tubes and enters into the
down flue channel to pass up to the
initial position
There it is split and directed to side
flue channel and escapes into
atmosphere through chimney
To control the flow of gases to
chimney dampers are provided

Locomotive boiler

Specifications

Number of super heater tubes : 38

Number of ordinary tubes : 116
Steam capacity : 9000kg/hr
Working pressure : 14bar
Coal burnt per hour : 1600 kg
Efficiency : 70%

 It consists of a cylindrical barrel with a rectangular

fire box at one end and smoke box at other end
Coal is introduced through the front hole into the
grate which is placed at the bottom of the firebox
The hot flue gases are deflected by the arch of the
bricks so that walls of the fire box get heated up
due to which the fire box is surrounded with water
except for fire hole and ash pit
The hot gases passes from fire box and to the
smoke box through a series of fire tubes and then
they are discharged into atmosphere through
chimney

 Some of the fire tubes are larger in diameter

in which super heater tubes are placed
The heat of the flue gases is transmitted to
the water through the heating surface of the
fire tube, The steam generated is collected
over the tubes
A dome shaped chamber known as steam
dome fitted on the upper part of the barrel
With the help of a regulator the saturated
steam in steam dome is directed to super
heater tubes where the steam get super
heated and then sent to the engine

WATER TUBE BOILERS

WATER TUBE BOILERS

Merits
Generation of steam is
much quicker
Pressure range is high
Heating surfaces are
more effective
Combustion efficiency
is high as space for
combustion is more
Thermal stresses are
low

Demerits
Not suitable for mud
or sedimentary water
Maintenance cost is
high
Failure in feed water
supply even for short
period is liable to
make the boiler
overheated.

Bobcock and Wilcox Boiler

Specifications
Diameter of the drum : 1.22 to
1.83m
Length
: 6 to 9 m
Size of water tubes : 7.12 to 10.16cm
Size of super heater tubes : 3.84 to
5.71cm
Working pressure : 40bar
Steaming capacity : 40,000 kg/hr
Efficiency : 60 to 80%

 It consists of a longitudinal drum which is

connected to front end and rear end
headers by short riser tubes
These headers are connected to series of
inclined water tubes
The angle of inclination to the water tubes
to the horizontal is 15 degrees or above
A feed valve is provided to fill the drum
and inclined tubes with water. The level of
which is indicated by water level indicator
Through the fire door the fuel is supplied
to grate where it is burnt

 The hot gases are forced to move upwards

between the tubes by baffle plates provided
The water from drum flows through inclines
tubes through down ward header and goes back
to the drum
Steam goes to the drum via uptake header
The steam gets collected in the steam space of
the drum . Then it enters through the anti
priming pipe and flows in the super heated tubes
and is finally taken out through main stop valve
and supplied to the engine when needed

Stirling Boiler

 It consists two upper drums known as steam

drums and one lower drum known as water
drum or mud drum
The steam drums are connected to mud drums
by means of bent tubes
The steam and water space of the steam tubes
are interconnected with each other so that
balance of steam and water may be obtained
The feed water is delivered to the steam drum
1which is fitted with a baffle
The baffle deflects the water to move
downward into mud drum

 The mud particles and other impurities will move

to mud drum where they are blown off by blow off
cock
The baffles provided at the mud drum deflects the
pure water to move upward to drum1 through
remaining half of the water pipes
The water also flow from it to drum 2 through
water tubes which are just over the furnace
The steam is taken out from steam drum 1 by
steam pipe and then it is passes through the super
heater tubes where the steam is super heated.
Finally the steam moves to stop valve from where
it can be moved to further use.