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Prosthetics
A United States Army soldier plays table football with two prosthetic arms
The Numbers
The Numbers
History
History continued
Presently
http://illumin.usc.edu/article.php?articleID=6
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Artificial-Limb.html
1 Accuracy and attention to detail; comfortable and useful; Prosthetist evaluates the amputee.
2 Prosthetist measures the lengths of body segments and determines location of bones and
tendons in the remaining part of the limb. A plaster cast of the stump is made.
Making the socket
3 A sheet of clear thermoplastic is heated and then vacuum-formed around the positive mold.
This thermoplastic sheet is now the test socket; it is transparent so that the prosthetist can
check the fit.
4 Ensure that the test socket fits properly. (if it is a leg, then the prosthetist studies the gait);
explain how the fit feels; comfort comes first.
5 The permanent socket is then formed; usually made of polypropylene and is vacuum-formed
over a mold in the same way as the test socket.
Fabrication of the prosthesis
6 Plastic pieces are made in the usual plastic forming methods: vacuum-forming, injecting
moldingforcing molten plastic into a mold and letting it cooland extruding, in which the
plastic is pulled through a shaped die. Pylons that are made of titanium or aluminum can be diecast; in this process, liquid metal is forced into a steel die of the proper shape. The wooden
pieces can be planed, sawed, and drilled. The various components are put together using
bolts, adhesives, and laminating.
7 The entire limb is assembled by the prosthetist's technician; uses a torque wrench and
screwdriver to bolt the prosthetic device together. Prosthetist fits the permanent socket to the
patient, this time with the completed custom-made limb attached. Final adjustments are then
made.
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Artificial-Limb.html
www.waramps.ca
Myoelectric Arm
http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9806/1
0/artificial.hand/index.html
Gait Cycle
-the series of movements of the leg and foot between one touch of the
heel on the ground and the next time the same heel touches.
C-Leg
The C-Leg allows the wearer to:
seamlessly speed up or slow down
take on hills or slopes
recover from stumbles
go down stairs step-over-step
The science behind the knee is revolutionary. It anticipates
what the wearer is doing and accommodates every change,
in real time... by utilizing microprocessors to control the
knee's hydraulic function 50 times a second.
http://www.ottobockus.com/PRODUCTS/LOWER_LIMB_PROSTHETICS/c-legvideos.asp
http://www.ottobockus.com/PRODUCTS/LOWER_LIMB_PROS
THETICS/feet.asp
Cost
Transradial and transtibial prostheses typically
cost between US $6,000 and $8,000.
Transfemoral and transhumeral prosthetics cost
approximately twice much with a range of
$10,000 to $15,000 and can sometimes reach
costs of $35,000.
The cost of an artificial limb does recur because
artificial limbs are usually replaced every 3-4
years due to wear and tear on the artificial limb.
In addition, if the artificial limb has fit issues, the
limb must be replaced within several months
Future
Biohybrid limbs
Insert microchips into muscles to pick up signals
from the brain
Two-way talk (send and receive)
Sensitive to touch and heat
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/09/14/tech/main2008317.shtml
THE END