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Basic Mechanical
Engineering
unit 2
Design Fundamentals
UNIT NO 02
Design Fundamentals
Design: Steps in design process, mechanical
properties
(Strength, Toughness, Hardness,
Ductility, Malleability, Brittleness, Elasticity,
Plasticity, Resilience, Fatigue, Creep) and
selection of engineering materials, Applications
of
following
materials
in
engineeringAluminium, Plastic, Steel , Brass, Cast iron,
Rubber, Copper.
Mechanism
(Descriptive treatment only):
Definition, and comparison of mechanism and
machine, four bar mechanism, Slider crank
mechanism.Classification of Pairs.
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DESIGN
Design refers to the plan of construction of an
object.
The persons who performs the design is called as
a designer and the sequence of activities
performed by the designer is called as a design
process.
Machine design refers to a systematic process
of designing a machine which converts
mechanical energy into some useful form of task
by using mechanisms.
Machine design may lead to entirely design a
new machine or develop an existing machine .
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Engineering design
1. Material
2. Dimensions
3. Shapes and sizes
4. Processes
5. Drawings
6. Mechanism
7. Properties
8. Study, experiences
9. Characteristics
10. Mathematical calculations
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Flexibility
Innovation
User comfort
Safety
Modification
Appearance
Cost reduction
Market needs
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3. Analysis of forces
4. Selection of material
5. Critical design to avoid failure
6. decide factor of safety
7. Determine dimension
8. Design of elements( Shape, size and stresses)
9. Modification
10. Detailed drawing
11. Preparation of report
12. Production
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Design terminology
1. Stress= internal force/area
2. Strain= deformation /length
3. Proportional limit = point at
yields
6. Ultimate stress= max. value of stress on
which the force required to continue
straining the specimen begins to
diminish
7. Breaking stress= fracture point
8. Modulus of elasticity= the proportionality
constant is known as youngs modulus or
modulus of elasticity
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Mechanical properties include those characteristics of a