Exploration and Colonization

Sponge

10/7

Look on the Map p. 561. Explorers from what country explored the Great Lakes region?
2. In what region did Spanish explorers travel?
3. Where did the English and Dutch explore?
p.54-554. What is a charter? And Why was Sir Walter Raleigh given a
charter to settle in the New World?
5. What is the significance of Roanoke?
p.72- 6. What is so important about Jamestown and what year was
it founded?
p.78-79 7. Where did the Pilgrims settle?

Review Information
I. Review
A. Starting to Explore!
1. Marco Polo Traveled to China
told
of great wealth
a. Gold, Spices, Silk
2. The RENAISSANCE (REBIRTH)
a. Europe begins to using
knowledge again!!!
b. NEW Inventions !!!
*Printing Press (More people can read)
*Better Maps
*Astrolabe- Could tell your latitude
*Better Ships- Travel farther over
open seas

Some of the first

maps of the world
showing North
America (Early
1500s)

B. Goals of Exploration:
1. Find DIRECT route to Asia
a. Make $$$ by trading with
Asia (spices, no more
rotten meat, ewwww!!)
b. Cut out the middle man:
TRADE directly with East
c. Spain becomes leader
*1492 Columbus (Italian hired by
Spain) finds land (Thinks he has
reached India, hence INDIANS)
*1498 de Gama (Portugal) reaches India

Vasco de Gamas route

to Asia

C. The New World (North America)

1. Spain dominates southern
portion of North America
a. Three Goals:
1. GOD
2. GLORY
3. GOLD
a. Natives treated poorly (slaves)
*ecomiendas: rights granted to Spanish
to tax and enslave Natives
2. New Nations Explore
a. Northwest Passage: Most
Northern European nations believed
India could be reached by going NW
b. England, France compete
*England John Cabot 1497
(Canada/India?)
*France- Jacques Cartier 1530s
(Miss.???)

3. English Colonies
a. Ruled by Charter & Compact
(King grants company right to settle
b. Goals: Find Gold /Religious Freedom
c. Native Americans: Eng. needed their help
*Pocahontas (Chiefs Daughter) / Pilgrims
4. French Colonies:
a. Louisiana & New France (Ruled by King)
b. Goals: Fur Trade (Catholic Missionaries)
c. Native Americans: Worked well with them
**Traded goods for furs and even joined tribes

Charter for
Delaware

The French traded

weapons for furs

D. Native Americans deal with Europeans

1. Bad Overall!!!!!!!!!
a. Disease wipes out entire villages
*No Flu in Americas until Explorers
b. Tidal Wave of People!!!!!!
*No one could see Future = MILLIONS
2. Good & Bad
a. Spanish & English Worse
*Spanish Slavery & English Wars
b. French and Dutch Good
*Trade and Buy treat more fair

Sponge

10/8

Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts, and Jamestown, Virginia, were the

first two colonies established by the English on the North American
continent. Neither of these colonial ventures found it easy to establish
a successful and independent settlement, but the Virginia colony
found the going particularly rough. In the first 20 years, the death rate
in Virginia was more than two times higher than the death rate during
the first severe winter in Plymouth Colony, and it far exceeded the
death rate in Europe during the height of the plague.
As a student of history, you have been asked to join a historical team
to determine just what conditions would result in a death rate that was
75 to 80 percent, a figure that historically is staggering.
Your challenge is to examine the clues provided and construct a
theory that explains what happened in the Virginia colony. Specifically:
Why did this occur? Who was dying? Why did it continue for over 20
years? Make sure that your theory is built upon the clues provided and
explains the connections between and among them.
Sponge-Generate a hypotheses about what you think happened in the
Virginia colony.

1. In your Historical Study Team -share your

hypotheses with other members of your
group. Record your ideas on paper.
2. Each member read through the clues.
3. Discuss the clues as a whole team. Begin
to place related clues into groups. Look for
connections, cause/effect relationships, etc.
4. Record any important observations that
your team makes.
5. Determine which hypothesis is best
supported by the given data. Refine it.

Sponge

10/9

1. Where is Jamestown located?

2. Why did the English want to settle in
Jamestown?
3. What was the death rate in Jamestown for the
first 20 years?
4. What is a claim?
5. What is evidence?
6. What is reason?
7. How is a claim, evidence and reason connected?

1.
2.
3.
4.

Sponge 10/10

Differentiate btw a hypothesis and claim.

How is a claim, evidence and reason connected?
Explain why reason is important in a claim.
Explain why the following are weak claims (and make
them stronger):
1. All the people died from food supplies.
2. I think that people in Jamestown died because the
Natives attacked them
3. They died from bad water.
4. The settlers in Jamestown died because they were
sick.

Sponge #2
p. 78-80 1.Differentiate between the Puritans and Pilgrims.
2. What was family life like for the Pilgrims and how did they
view women and children? (p. 80)
3. What led to religious disagreements among Puritans and
what was the result? (p. 83)
4. What types of jobs were common in the New England
colonies? P. 83
5. Why was education important to the New England
colonies? P. 84
p. 79-6. What is the Mayflower Compact?
7. Why do you think the colonists felt the need to establish a
government for themselves?
8. How do you think the Mayflower Compact influenced later
governments in America?

SPONGE
1.

Looking at the Colonial Assessment/Poster-Answer the following

questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2.

Identify the six steps of the assessment

Identify the six categories (rubric) you be measured on.
How many Red, Blue and Yellow questions are you required to answer?
Differentiate between the Red, Blue and Yellow questions.
What are the two required graphic organizers about (topic)?

You live in a town near London in the early 1700s. Some of your
neighbors are starting new lives in the American colonies. You would
like to go with them, but you cannot afford the cost of the trip. There
is one way you can go, though. You can get a paper promising to
work as a servant for 5 yrs. Then you would be free- and in a new
colony.
1.

3.
4.

9/26

Would you sign the paper and go to America?

Differentiate between Puritans and Pilgrims (p.78).

p. 79-6. What is the Mayflower Compact?

Sponge
1.

You live in a town near London in the early 1700s. Some of your
neighbors are starting new lives in the American colonies. You
would like to go with them, but you cannot afford the cost of the
trip. There is one way you can go, though. You can get a paper
promising to work as a servant for 5 yrs. Then you would be freeand in a new colony.
1.

2.

12/7

Would you sign the paper and go to America?

p. 79-6. What is the Mayflower Compact?- Identify 3 important

aspects of the compact?
3.
Speculate about what conflicts the writers and signers were
anticipating when they drew up the Mayflower Compact.
4.
Differentiate between Puritans and Pilgrims (p.78).
5.
What led to religious disagreements among Puritans and what was
the result? (p. 83)
4. What types of jobs were common in the New England colonies? P. 83
5. Why was education important to the New England colonies? P. 84

Sponge 12/10
1.
2.

Differentiate between Pilgrims and Puritans.

How is the Mayflower Compact connected to Laws/Rules in
America?
3. Identify the states/colonies that are in the New England Region.
4. Why was this region colonized and what was their way of life?
5. What was the New Englands relationship with Native Americans?
6. (p. 85)-Name the middle colonies (states).
7. What was the name of New York in 1664- what influence does
New York have-p.85-86?
8. What was the capital of Pennsylvania and what did its name
mean?
9. What are Quakers and what did they believe?
10. Why did William Penn establish Pennsylvania and how did his
ideas influence the rules of the colony?

Sponge
1.
2.

3.

10/5

Differentiate between New York and Pennsylvania (way of life,

relationship to Natives, reasons for settling, who settled, etc)
What is an indentured servant (p.74) and why do you think
colonies depended more on indentured servants than slaves for
labor? (p. 87)
What are staple crops (define and provide examples) and how
are they connected to the middle colonies?

Sponge

11/30

1. 1. From the 3 Gs- what was the reason

for settling in the southern region?
(notes)
2. What was the way of life in south? (what
did they grow)
3. Who was Chief Powhatan?

Obj #1: Describe the lifestyle of the New England colonies. Why was Plymouth*
important? Be able to name and locate the colonies from this area: Explain the
importance of the Mayflower Compact. As New England grew, how did many New
Englanders begin to make their living? What was IRONIC about they way they treated
religion?

I. Objectives #1
A. The New England Colonies
1. Plymouth (1614) Becomes
Massachusetts
a. Wanted religious freedom
-Trying to start City on the Hill (an example)
b. Mayflower Compact (FIRST LAWS)
-Laws set-up on ships before reaching land
c. Puritans- Very strict with religion,
everyone must act the same (no funny
stuff its a sin!!!)
2. New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Is.,
Massachusetts.
3. Far North East part of English Colonies

Recreation of
Plymouth
Colony

Plymouth rock
(REALLY
overrated,
seriously, just
look at the
picture and it is
better than
actually being
there!!!

B. Established: Mainly for Religious Reasons

1. Puritans settle Massachusetts Bay
(Plymouth)
2. No religious freedom to their own
people
C. Way of Life: Small farms and Ocean Trade
1. Subsistence farming (just feeds
family)
a. Land too Rocky & Winter too
long for big farms
2. Ships (Goods to and from Colonies
& Europe)
3. First schools established in New England
D. Native Americans: Helped & then Hurt
a. Early settlers get a lot of help (Turkey
Day!)
b. King Phillips War
*Native Fight over moving into Indian land.
Leader (King Phillip) captured & Killed (his
people were sold into slavery)

2. Describe the lifestyle of the Middle colonies. Be able to name and locate the
colonies from this area: What country, before England, owned land in the Middle
Colonies? What type of colonial government did these colonies begin as (Hint:
someone owned them)? Explain how Pennsylvania was DIFFERENT from most
colonies? Compare farming in this region to New England:

II. Objectives #2
A. The Middle Colonies
1. Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey,
Delaware.
B. Established: Trade & Land Selling
(Speculating)
1. New York taken from Netherlands
2. Trade very important, Land settlement
3. William Penn Quaker/Religious
Freedom
a. Believed in non-violence, buying
Indian land, and true religious freedom

C. Way of Life: Larger Farms & Business (Cash

Crops)
1. Cash Crops (Selling large crops for $)
2. Start of Industry
a. Small shops start making goods
D. Native Americans: Good & Bad
1. New York, treated very bad (Many wars)
2. Pennsylvania, very good by William Penn
(Bought land instead of taking it)

Sponge #6
1. Looking on the map p. 88-89
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Where were the colonies largest cities located and why do

you think these cities had the most population?
Describe the population in the colonies. Who were the
ethnic groups that settled?
Describe the religions.
How did the mountains and seas influence the location of
the colonies?
Describe the wall of mountains that surround the colonies.
What is significant about the Boston Harbor?
Why do you think New York City has remained a major
population center? (hint: location)
What was the treaty that Great Britain and France signed
and what did the British gain from it?

Sponge 10/6
1.
2.

What is the main reason for England founding America?

What is mercantilism? P.92
1.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Identify the country gaining wealth.

How did colonists view the trade laws that England set?
Identify two colonies/states from the New England, Middle,
and Southern Colonies.
Differentiate between the New England, Middle, and
Southern colonies? (farms, lifestyle, values, etc.)
How can you describe what was unique about
Pennsylvania? Give Examples!!
Identify the first two English settlements to survive and
explain why each were founded and what colony each of
the settlements become.
Which region (New England, Middle, Southern) would you
want to live in and WHY????

Sponge

11/30

1. 1. From the 3 Gs- what was the reason

for settling in the southern region?
(notes)
2. What was the way of life in south? (How
did they make money?)
3.

Looking at the Colonial Assessment/Poster-Answer the following

questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Identify the six steps of the assessment

Identify the six categories (rubric) you be measured on.
How many Red, Blue and Yellow questions are you required to
answer?
Differentiate between the Red, Blue and Yellow questions (hint:
points).
What are the two required graphic organizers about (topic)?

Sponge

12/3

1. Use the first 10 minutes of class to

answer the questions about YOUR colony
on your Colony Research Guide (use the
information I gave you about your colony)
2. Get out your Chief Powhatan Reading
and Responses!

Sponge 12/4

1. What are slave codes?

2. Predict: Which region of the 13 colonies were slaves brought to
and why?
3. Write at least two goals you have for the next argument you write
(ex: NOT USING I or my)
4. Provide examples of how to introduce evidence.
1. Explain why it is important to introduce your evidence.
5. Fix the following claims:
1. The reason the citizens from Jamestown are dying is because
of Natives.
2. The Natives murdered the settlers very slowly.
3. People died at this time from various reasons.
4. My evidence explains that the settlers in Jamestown died
because they were sick

Sponge
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

10/21

Identify the colonies located in the southern region (p.89).

What is the significance of Jamestown- what problems did the
Jamestown colonists face? (p.73)
Looking at the letter on p. 74- How does this letter indicate the
importance of tobacco in Virginia?
Was your conclusion correct or false? Explain
Provide examples of how to introduce evidence.
1. Explain why it is important to introduce your evidence.
Fix the following claims:
1. The reason the citizens from Jamestown are dying is because
of Natives.
2. The Natives murdered the settlers very slowly.
3. People died at this time from various reasons.
4. My evidence explains that the settlers in Jamestown died
because they were sick

3. Describe the lifestyle of the Southern colonies. Why was Jamestown*

important? Be able to name and locate the colonies from this area: What
crops were grown in the South? How did farmers in the Backwater differ from
those in the Low Country? What type of labor grew as the colonies grew?

A. The Southern Colonies

1. Jamestown (1606) Becomes Virginia
a. Charter from King to Settle (Like a Pass)
b. Merchants wanted to find Gold
-Colonist Lazy (Expected not to work)
-Pocahontas & John Smith Save Colony
c. Tobacco Saves Colony
-Crop learned from Natives sells to Europe
-1st Slaves bought in Jamestown to work crop
*FIRST ENGLISH COLONY TO SURVIVE
2. Maryland, Virginia, N. & S. Carolina, Georgia
3. Wooded, Swampy land great for huge farms

B. Established: Trade & Land sales

1. Land for farmers
2. Georgia: Land 4 debtors/Buffer from
Spanish Florida
C. Way of Life: Huge Farms (Large Plantations)
1. Plantations develop along coast & rivers
a. Northern areas: Tobacco (Back Water)
b. Georgia/S. Carolina- Rice/Indigo (Low
Country)
2. Start of Slavery
a. Tobacco/Rice/Indigo very hard work
b. New England Traders bring slaves
from Africa on return trips of Triangle
Trade

4. Explain why and where African Slavery began in the 13 English colonies.
Name the first settlement and year that slaves were first brought to English
Colonies. Describe and name the trip between Africa and America. What crops
were slaves used to harvest?
A. Slavery in the Colonies
1. Starts 1st in Jamestown (But goes to all
Colonies)
B. Shipped from Africa - W. Indies South (TriTrade)
1. Middle Passage- Brutal trip across Atlantic
C. Southern use it the most (Tobacco, Rice,
indigo)

Slave auctions

Sponge

12/6

1. What is an indentured servant and how is

it different than slaves?
2. Describe the middle passage.
3. What is the significance of the Triangle
Trade?
4. What are slave codes- provide one
example.

What trade route did Mercantilism operate

on between the colonies, Europe and
Africa?

Sponge
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

12/14

How would you differentiate between the New

England, Middle Colonies and Southern Colonies?
(farms, lifestyle, values, etc.)
State how each of the regions make a living or what
type of work is done in each of the colonial regions.
Identify the first two English settlements to survive and
explain why each were founded and what colony each
of the settlements become.
Define Mercantilism and give examples.
Describe how the home country made money off this
system (use new markets and raw materials to explain.

5. Describe how Mercantilism* worked (REVIEW) What trade route did

Mercantilism operate on between the colonies, Europe and Africa? What
reasons do most of these colonies have in common for being founded?
Describe how the home countries made money off this system (Use new
markets & raw materials to explain).
A. Definition of Mercantilism
1. European countries use colonies to make $$$$$
2. How?
Raw Materials shipped from colonies to Home
Country (Lumber, Cotton)
-Home Country makes them into something in
Factories (Lumber into Furniture / Cotton into
Fabric)
-Home Country sells FINISHED GOOD back to
Colonies
B. Triangle Trade:
1. Trade between New England/South/Africa
2. Trade route that Mercantilism worked on
a. Trade done by New England Ships and
Captains

Sponge 12/15
Bob was studying early economies in the 13 English Colonies.
He learned about a system that created and maintained
wealth through carefully controlled trade. What vocabulary
term is he learning about?
Cristina is going to college to be a lawyer. She discovered
that one of the first legal documents signed in the early
colonies was created by the Pilgrims. What document might
she be referring to?
If you came over to the colonies as an indentured servant,
provide examples of how you might be treated different
than an African slave.
If you were a Puritan or Pilgrim, what region would you be
located in and how could a stranger know the difference
between Puritans and Pilgrims?
Define the term Staple Crops (book) and Cash Crops.
Differentiate between two terms.
Differentiate between Jamestown and Plymouth. Provide at
least 5 examples.

Sponge #11
1. Predict what Colonial Life would be like if
you lived in the colonies?
1. Ex: Family, Leisure Activities, food, etc

2. What aspect of Colonial Life are you

most interested in? (food, fun, school,
relationships, church, etc)
1. Explain WHY????

Sponge

12/11

1. What is the significance of mercantilism?

2. What does final draft form mean?
3. Pick 7-10 vocabulary words you want to include
on your poster. What do you have to do with
those terms in order to get points.
4. Identify at least 3 blue and 1 yellow question
you plan to answer on your poster assessmentHow many points is each question (blue and
yellow) worth? What do the points represent?

The Triangle Trade

Virginia (Jamestown) : Economic problem

Massachusetts : Religious problem
New York : Economic problem
Maryland : Economic & Religious problems
Rhode Island : Religious problem
Connecticut : Economic & Religious problems
New Hampshire : Religious & Economic problems
Delaware : Economic problem
Carolinas (North Carolina & South Carolina) : Economic problem
New Jersey : Economic & Religious problems
Pennsylvania : Religious problem
Georgia : Economic problem

Sponge 10/11

Set up a Venn Diagram comparing Native Americans and

Colonists- use the facts below

A lack of preparation led to many deaths

Formed a joint-stock company called the London Company
Considered themselves under the rule of the king of England
Believed that spirits lived in nature, including in plants and animals
Believed that there is only one God but disagreed on how to worship.
Believed that land was for everyones use and your rights to use it were temporary.
Believed in individual and corporate ownership of land.
Believed that land should be preserved for future generations.
Established large farms called plantations and had indentured servant and slave labor.
Knew how to survive in the varied climates in North America.
Men and women had distinctly different roles.
Attacked settlements, killing men, women and children