06 Site Survey Li

Security Level:
09/03/16
Site Survey
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Content
Site selection
Conception
Principle
Unreasonableness
Antenna selection
Parameter
Principle
Height & Azimuth & Down-tilt design
Installation
Site survey
Preparation
Contents
Document
Process
BTS layout should be finished.
Before site survey,
BTS layout includes:
Estimate the number of BTSs required according to the capacity

prediction, traffic distribution and coverage requirements
Determine the theoretical BTS location
Assign values to relevant parameters of BTS

(network layers, transmit power, antenna
feeder system, antenna type,
antenna height, angle, down tilt, etc.)
Then Site Survey

Huawei Confidential
Page 3
Conception of site selection
Start the site selection after the preparations are all

done and the coverage requirement is obtained.
During the site selection, the following information
should be considered:
Current network status
Population distribution and local custom
City structure and town distribution
Major streets and traffic volume
Natural environment,
such as mountain, lake, river and coastline
Long-term development trend
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Conception of site selection
Population distribution
Traffic distribution
Subscriber tendency
Environment around BTS
Signal propagation quality
Select areas where traffic is

high and subscribers are
densely populated
Avoid to select high
mountains, radar, radio station,
forest, or power plant
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Page 5
Principle of site selection
The principles of site selection are shown below:

a. The site should be at an ideal location in a regular cell and the deviation
should be less than a fourth of the BTS radius.
b. On condition that the BTS layout is not affected, try to use existing
facilities so as to reduce the construction cost and construction period.
c. The border of urban area or mountain with a high
altitude in suburban (altitude difference between it and
the urban area is 100 ~ 300m) is usually not considered,
because the avoidance of this site selection, on one
hand, helps to control the coverage area, and on the
other hand, reduce the engineering construction difficulty
and facilitates the maintenance.
Huawei Confidential
Page 6
Principle of site selection

d. The new BTS should be built where the traffic is convenient, power supply
is available, environment is safe.
e. Avoid building any BTS near high power radio-transmitting station, radar
station or other interference source.
f. The new BTS should be built far away from forests so as to avoid the rapid
fading of receiving signals.
g. Pay attention to signal reflex and time dispersion in the environment such as
mountainous area, lake with steep bank/dense lakes , hilly city and high
metallic building.
h. The site selection should guarantee a good coverage in the major service
areas at the first stage of network construction when there are fewer BTSs.
i. Prevent the main beam of the antenna direction towards streets, rivers and
other ground objects so as to avoid the waveguide effect.
Huawei Confidential
Page 7
Site Survey
No feeder length or
proposed antenna
height
Taking photos
not follow
common rule
Testing Equipment too old
Use eyes to test height

and down-tilt, dont
check by gradienter or
tapeline
Read longitude &

latitude just after
power on GPS
Record Sector Wrong,

instead of check by test
phone or feeder
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Page 8
Anything wrong?
Vung_phu_huong 240
Clockwise VS Anticlockwi
Vung_phu_huong 270
Huawei Confidential
Page 9
Antenna
Parameters
Huawei Confidential
Page 10
Antenna
Type
Urban
Highway
Directional
Directional or special
Cross polarization
Very high gain
Medium gain (15~17 dBi)
30/65-degree H-BW
65-degree H-BW
Electrical downtilt
Mountain
Rural
Directional or Omni
High gain
90-degree H-BW
Directional or special
omni
Indoor
Medium gain
Tunnel
Directional
High gain
Distributed Antenna System
Narrow beamwidth
Small antennas with low
Leak cable for long tunnel
gain
Huawei Confidential
Page 11
Antenna
Height Design Principle

The height of antennas may differ in different cells in the same BTS,
depending on the installation space in a direction or the cell planning
requirements.
The effective antenna height is usually 30m or so in a flat urban area
The antenna height can be properly lengthened for a BTS in a suburb county,
usually 40m or so.
Too high an antenna will reduce the coverage level

near the antenna (shadow under tower),
and this phenomenon is especially obvious
for an omnidirectional antenna.
The over-high antenna will cause the serious

cross-cell coverage, which affects the network quality.
Huawei Confidential
Page 12
Antenna
Azimuth Design Principle

The azimuth angle should be designed in consideration of the entire network. On
condition that the coverage requirement is met, the azimuth of three sectors of each
BTS in the urban area should be consistent and only need partial tuning. The
azimuth can be adjusted according to the major coverage objects at the junction of
urban and suburb, along the arterial traffic and in suburb isolated island
The main beam of antenna should point to the dense traffic area, which can
intensify the signal strength in this area and improve the call quality.
The cross coverage depth of antennas between sectors in the urban area should
not exceed 10%.
The cross coverage depth between neighbor cells in suburb area and towns
should not be too high. The included angle between the antennas in neighbor sectors
in the same BTS should be greater than 90.
To avoid cross-cell coverage, the main beam of antenna should not direct to
straight streets in a densely-populated urban area.
Huawei Confidential
Page 13
Down-tilt design principle
Antenna
The antenna down-tilt must be determined in such a way according to the specific
situation that it can not only reduce the interference between co-frequency cells, but
also meet the coverage requirement.
The antenna down-tilt should be designed in consideration of factors, such as BTS
transmit power, antenna height, cell coverage area and radio propagation
environment.
The beam tilt in the electrical and mechanical ways will generate different surface
radiations. The difference is little when the beam tilt is not large, but it will become
significant as the beam tilt increases:
10 electrical downtilt
6 electrical downtilt
+ 4 mechanical downtilt
10 mechanical downtilt
Huawei Confidential
Page 14
Antenna
Antenna installation
Installation environment
The installation environment includes environment around the
antenna and that around BTS.
For the environment around antenna, the isolation between
antennas and the effects of tower and building on the antenna

should be considered.
For the environment around BTS, the effects of high buildings
within the distance of 500m on the radio signal propagation

should be mainly considered.
Huawei Confidential
Page 15
Antenna
Installation location
Keep the antenna away from barriers. If you need to install

antenna on the roof, try to install it on the edge.
FREQ
GSM
900M
GSM
1800M
Huawei Confidential
Dm
hm
01
0.5
1 10
10 30
30
3.5
02
0.5
2 10
10
Page 16
Antenna
Antenna isolation
The receiver and transmitter of the BTS should
be isolated to some extent.
The isolation between antennas is the signal
attenuation from one antenna port to another

antenna port in the practical installation.
The isolation between two transmitter antennas,
and between the receiver antenna and

transmitter antenna should be 30dB at least.
Vertical layout of antenna:

Lv=28+40log(k/)(dB)
Horizontal layout of antenna:

Lv=22+20log(d/)-(G1+G2)-(S1+S2)(dB)
Huawei Confidential
Page 17
Antenna
Space diversity requirement

The distance between two receiver antennas should be 12 ~18 for space
diversity
The higher the antenna is installed, the longer the horizontal distance between
diversity antennas is. Generally, the horizontal distance between diversity

antennas is 0.11 times as long as the effective antenna height.
To achieve the same diversity effect, the vertical diversity distance must be 5 ~
6 times as long as that in the case of the horizontal diversity antenna.

To reduce the mutual influence of
two antennas, the distance between

horizontal diversity antennas should
be greater than 3m in the case of
any effective antenna height.
Huawei Confidential
Page 18
Survey Preparation
Project documentation
Getting familiar with the project overview
and collect the following project materials:
Engineering documents
Background information
Current network status
Local map
Site survey table in latest network
planning
Relevant personnel information
Huawei Confidential
Page 19
Survey Preparation
Coordination meeting
Preparing the coordination meeting before the survey
Before the survey, you should have a coordination meeting with all the
relevant personnel. The content of the meeting includes:
Electromagnetic background, an
electromagnetic background test if necessary
Finalization of surveyors and cooperators
Vehicle and equipment preparations
Preparation of survey plan and finalization of survey route
Preliminary solution for transmission and power supply
Huawei Confidential
Page 20
Survey Preparation
Tools preparation
Preparing the following tools and make sure the tools are available
Portable computer
Digital cameras
GPS satellite receiver
Compass
Tape
Telescope
Ruler
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Page 21
Content
The Site survey is an environmental survey of BTS after

the BTS layout is finalized, including sight measurement,
spectrum measurement and site survey.
Sight measurement
Building environment and natural
environment around BTS
Spectrum measurement
Electromagnetic background
environment
Site survey
Installation condition of antenna and
equipment
Power supply and transmission supply
Huawei Confidential
Page 22
Survey Documentation
BTS survey report
The precise and standard documentation serves the subsequent
network planning and optimization. It is not only a strong guarantee
of engineering quality, but also the basis for the future capacity
expansion planning.
The content of the BTS survey report contains two parts: BTS survey form
and memo/project parameters form

Project parameters form records the parameters about BTS survey such as
longitude, latitude, antenna height and azimuth angle.

Each BTS has a BTS survey form that records the longitude, latitude, feeder
design, and surrounding environment, and so on.

The survey report should be consistent in the content and consistent with the
contract content. The inconsistent parts should be recorded in the memo.

Huawei Confidential
Page 23
A Photo of the BTS Surrounding Environment
Huawei Confidential
Page 24
Survey Documentation
Engineering
Parameter Form
RF site survey
report
RF Survey Report
Huawei Confidential
Page 25
Thank you
www.huawei.com

06 Site Survey Li

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Security Level:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Before site survey,

BTS layout includes:

Estimate the number of BTSs required according to the capacity

Determine the theoretical BTS location

Assign values to relevant parameters of BTS

Then Site Survey

Conception of site selection

Start the site selection after the preparations are all

Current network status

Population distribution and local custom

City structure and town distribution

Major streets and traffic volume

Long-term development trend

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Conception of site selection

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Select areas where traffic is

Principle of site selection

The principles of site selection are shown below:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Principle of site selection

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Testing Equipment too old

Use eyes to test height

Read longitude &

Record Sector Wrong,

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Very high gain

Medium gain (15~17 dBi)

Distributed Antenna System

Small antennas with low

Leak cable for long tunnel

Height Design Principle

The effective antenna height is usually 30m or so in a flat urban area

Too high an antenna will reduce the coverage level

The over-high antenna will cause the serious

Azimuth Design Principle

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Down-tilt design principle

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

The installation environment includes environment around the

antenna and that around BTS.

For the environment around antenna, the isolation between

antennas and the effects of tower and building on the antenna

For the environment around BTS, the effects of high buildings

within the distance of 500m on the radio signal propagation

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Keep the antenna away from barriers. If you need to install

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

The receiver and transmitter of the BTS should

be isolated to some extent.

The isolation between antennas is the signal

attenuation from one antenna port to another

and between the receiver antenna and

Vertical layout of antenna:

Horizontal layout of antenna:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Space diversity requirement

diversity antennas is. Generally, the horizontal distance between diversity