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Pakistan

ISTAN

perio
ers to the various structures built during different time period
e modern day region of Pakistan.

th the beginning of the Indus civilization around the middle


3rd millenium B.C

s was followesd by the Gandhara style of buddhist architect


Borrowed elements from the Ancient Greece. These remnan
visible in the Gandhara capital of Taxila.

Geography of Pakistan

The Islamic republic of Pakistan is situated between


24.50 and 36.75 latitude north and 61 to 75.5 longitudes
east country located in the mountainous region
adjoining central Asia and the middle east
796,096 sq km, Pakistan is the worlds 36th largest
country.
The geography of Pakistan is a profound blend of
landscapes varying from plains to deserts, forests, hills,
and plateaus ranging from the coastal areas of the
Arabian Sea in the south to the mountains of the
Karakoram range in the north.
Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the Indian and
the Eurasian tectonic plates where its Sindh and Punjab
provinces lie on the north- western corner of the Indian
plate while Balochistan and most of the KhyberPakhtunkhwa lie within the Eurasian plate which mainly

Neighboring countries:
Afghanistan
Iran
China
India

up to about 6,774 km (4,334.1 mi) in length


land bordered and coastline is about 1046 km

Climate
Pakistan has four seasons:

a cool, dry winter from December through February;


a hot, dry spring from March through May
the summer rainy season, or southwest monsoon
period, from June through September;
the retreating monsoon period of October and
November.
Rainfall can vary radically from year to year, and
successive
patterns of flooding and drought are also not
uncommon

Demographics of religion in Pakistan:


ISLAM
Islam is the state religion of Pakistan, and about 95-98% of
Pakistanis are Muslims.
Islam is the state religion of Pakistan, and about 95-98% of
Pakistanis are Muslims. The Muslims are largely divided into two
sects, Sunni Islam and Shia Islam. The Shia Islam in Pakistan is
practiced by 5-20% of the Muslims and the remaining larger
number of Muslims practice Sunni Islam

HINDUISM
Hinduism is the second largest religion in Pakistan accounting for
2.00% of the population. The Last population census divided the
population into 1.6% Hindu Jati and 0.25% Scheduled castes.The
Rig Veda, the oldest Hindu text was believed to have been
composed in the Punjab province of modern day Pakistan on the

CHRISTIANITY
Christians (Urdu: )make up 1.6% of Pakistan's population,
about 2.8 million people out of a total population.[3] The majority
of the Pakistani Christian communities is constituted by converts
from the Hindus and Muslims from Punjab region, from the British
colonial era. The community is geographically spread throughout
the Punjab province, whilst its presence in the rest of the provinces
is mostly confined to the urban centers. There is a Roman Catholic
community in Karachi which was established by Goan and Tamil
migrants when Karachi's infrastructure was being developed by the
British during colonial administration between World War I and
World War II.
Meanwhile there are few Protestant groups conducting missions in
Pakistan. The Day by Day Christian Ministries which is based in the
Philippines is operating a school in Karachi, though most of its
members there converted outside the country due to restrictions at
home

Bah'
The Bah' Faith in Pakistan begins previous to its independence
when it was still under British colonial rule. The roots of the religion
in the region go back to the first days of the Bb religion in
1844,with Shaykh Sa'id Hindi who was from Multan.During
Bah'u'llh's lifetime, as founder of the religion, he encouraged
some of his followers to move to the area that is current-day
Pakistan.

Sikhism
In the 17th century the reformist Sikh movement originated in
Pakistan's Punjab region where Sikhism's founder as well as most of
the faiths disciples originated from. There are a number of Sikhs
living throughout Pakistan today; estimates vary, but the number is
thought to be on the order of 20,000.

Zoroastrianism
Zorastrianism is believed to have been a major religion in the
region of Pakistan from the time it was part of the Persian
Achemenid empire. There are at least 4,000 Pakistani citizen
practicing the Zoroastrian religion.[33] Numerous Zorastrian fire

Kalash
This is pagan religion of the Kalash people living in a remote part of
Chitral. Adherents of the Kalash religion number around 3,000 and
inhabit three remote valleys in Chitral; Bumboret, Rumbur and Birir.
Their religion is unique but shares some common ground with
Greek, Macedonian Pagan, Vedic and Pre-Zoroastrian religions.

Jainism
Jainism existed in Punjab, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and
Karachi. There is no evidence of any Jains living in Pakistan today,
although it is claimed that a few still live in Sindh and Punjab
provinces. They are number of disused Jain Temples found in
different parts of Pakistan. Gulu Lalvani, a famous Jain, was
originally from Pakistan but he, like other Jains, emigrated from
Pakistan. Baba Dharam Das Tomb is also found in Pakistan.
Digambar Temple is one of the famous Jain temples in Pakistan

Buddhism
Buddhism has an ancient history in Pakistan; currently there is a
small community of at least 1500 Pakistani Buddhist in the country.
[33] The country is dotted with numerous ancient and disused
Buddhist stupas along the entire breath of the Indus River that
courses through the heart of the country. Many Buddhist empires
and city states existed, notably in Gandhara but also elsewhere in
Taxila, Punjab and Sindh. It is believed that Tantric Buddhism was
developed in Pakistan's Swat valley. Pakistan and much of
Afghanistan were one of the first regions to adopt Buddhism and
which saw a large number of adherents to the faith. It is believed
that through the Silk Road of northern Pakistan, that Buddhism
spread later to Central Asia, China and beyond.

Judaism
There is no evidence that there are any Jews (Urdu: )in Pakistan
today, nor has any claim been made by any practitioner of the faith
in recent decades. Various estimates suggest that there were about
1,500 Jews living in Pakistan at the time of its independence on 14
August 1947, with the majority living in Karachi and a few living in
Peshawar. However, almost all emigrated to Israel after 1948. There
are a few disused synagogues in both cities; while one Karachi

Atheism and agnosticism


There are people who do not profess any faith (such as
atheists and agnostics) in Pakistan but their numbers
is not known.[35] They are particularly in the affluent
areas of the larger cities. Some were born in secular
families while others in religious ones. According to
the 1998 census, people who did not state their
religion accounted for 0.5% of the population, but
social pressures against claiming no religion was
strong.[9] A 2012 study by Gallup Pakistan found that
people not adhering to any religion account for 1% of
the population

HISTORICAL
PLACES IN
PAKISTAN

Minar-e-Pakistan

Minar-e-Pakistan (or Yadgaar-ePakistan)


is a tall minaret in Iqbal Park
Lahore, built in honor of the Lahore
Resolution.
It reflects a blend of Mughal and
modern architecture, and is
constructed on the site where on
March 23, 1940, Lahore Resolution
(Qarardad-e-Lahore) demanding
the creation of Pakistan. It was
seven years before the formation of
Pakistan.
The large public space around the
monument is commonly used for
political and public meetings,
whereas Iqbal Park area is ever so popular among kite-flyers.
The tower rises about 60 meters on the base, thus the total height o
is about 62 meters above the ground.
The unfolding petals of the flower-like base are 9 meters high. The di
of the tower is about 97.5 meters (320 feet).

Badshahi Mosque
The Badshahi Mosque (Urdu:
), or the 'Emperor's Mosque',
was built in 1673 by the Mughal
Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore.
It is one of the city's best known
landmarks, and a major tourist
attraction and characterizes the
beauty and greatness of the
Mughal era.
Capable of accommodating over
55,000 worshipers.
It is the second largest mosque in
Pakistan, after the Faisal Mosque in
Islamabad.
The architecture and design of the
Badshahi Masjid is closely related
to the Jama Masjid in Delhi, India,
which was built in 1648 by
Aurangzeb's fathervand
predecessor, Emperor Shah Jahan.

Mizar-e-Quaid

The Quaid-e-Azam`s Mausoleum


s a prominent and impressive landmark of Karachi.

Nearby are the graves of the


Quaid-e-Millat.

Liaqat Ali Khan, the first Prime


Minister of Pakistan and the
Quaid`s sister, Mohtarma Fatima
innah.

Faisal Mosque
The Shah Faisal Masjid in
Islamabad, Pakistan, is among one
of the largest mosques in the world.
It is renowned for both its size and
its architecture
covering an area of 5,000 square
meters with a
capacity of 300,000 worshippers.
Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay's
designed it.
Construction of the mosque began
in 1976 by National Construction of
Pakistan, led by Azim Borujerdi, and
was funded by the government of
Saudi Arabia, at a cost of over 130
million Saudi riyals (approximately
$120 million USD today).
It is located at the end of Shaharahe-Islamabad, putting it at one end
of the city and in front of a

Pakistan Monument
The National Monument in
Islamabad,
Pakistan is a national monument
representing the four provinces and
three territories of Pakistan.
Designed by Arif Masood the
blooming
flower shape of the monument
represents Pakistan's progress as a
rapidly developing country.
The four main petals of the
monument
represent the four provinces
(Balochistan, North West Frontier
Province, Punjab, and Sindh), while
the
three smaller petals represent the

The Historical Khyber Pass


The Khyber Pass, (Urdu:
)t) is the mountain pass
that links Pakistan and
Afghanistan at an altitude of
1,070 m or 3,510 feet
Throughout history it has
been an
important trade route between
Central
Asia and South Asia and a
strategic military location.
The summit of the Khyber
Pass is 5
kilometers (3.1 mi) inside
Pakistan at
Landi Kotal and it cuts through
the northeastern part of the

For centuries, it has been


a trade route between
south and north Asia.
Every stone in the
Khyber has been soaked
in blood." Rudyard
Kipling called it "a
sword cut through the
mountains.

Ali Masjid
Ali Masjid is a mosque situated along the Khyber Pass
that snakes through the border of Pakistan and
Afghanistan. According to the legend, the mosque
derives its name from the Islamic caliph, Hazrat Ali;
local traditions put that he traveled the area. True or
false, the mosque gives a spectacular image and
serves as a stopping point along the way, which has
served as a gateway to the empires.

Lahore Fort
As the name suggests, this fort is situated in the city of
Lahore in fact, it is one of the prized buildings of the
walled-city of Lahore or Old Lahore. Although the origins of
the fort are older, the present structure is said to have been
built by the Mughal emperor Akbar. The Fort itself acted as
a geo-strategic site that met Kashmir, the Afghan areas,
and Multan. Decorated with Mughal architecture, the Fort
complex includes such architectural marvels as Sheesh
Mahal (Palace of Mirrors) and Badshahi Mosque.

Shalimar Bagh
Built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, the Shalamar Bagh
is one of the most beautiful sites in Pakistan. Its gardens
and refreshing fountains attract a large number of
visitors. The site consists of three levels of garden
terraces which were watered by a canal; which also
waters the exquisite marble terrace. It has a total of 410
fountains at all levels and a large variety of fruit trees.

Quaid\'s Residency
Situated in Ziarat, a hill station in Balochistan
province, the Residency was where Pakistan's founder
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah spent the last
days of his life. The ailing Jinnah was recommended a
rest and Ziarat was the best choice for its fragrance
and fresh mountain air. There, the Residency, a
wooden structure, provided the founder with the
perfect retreat.

Iqbal\'s Tomb
The tomb of Allama Muhammad Iqbal at Lahore is an
important national monument. The tomb is located in
the Hazuri Bagh between the Lahore Fort and Badshahi
Mosque. Set in beautiful red sandstone, Iqbals
importance to Pakistan renders this building historical
significance.

Islamia College
Situated in Peshawar, Islamia College was established in
1913 by Nawab Sir Sahabzada Abdul Qayyum and Sir George
Roos Kepel. The idea of Abdul Qayyum, an educationist-cumpolitician, was to build an educational institute that imparts
modern education to the Muslims. Later on, the students of
Islamia College played an important role in the movement of
independence for Pakistan; even Jinnah visited the College
thrice.

Aga Khan University and Hospital


The Aga Khan University Hospital is another beautiful
building of Pakistan. This building that heals is
designed by Payette Associates. The building was
completed in 1985 and it is a marvel of traditional
Indo-Persian and Mughal architecture.

Habib Bank Plaza


Habib Bank Plaza once the tallest building of Pakistan
was established in 1963. The fine architecture of the
building was designed by a famous international
architecture Leo A Daly.

The Centaurus
The Centaurus is a mixed real estate development in
Islamabad. It is the finest architecture no doubt
comprises three skyscrapers that have shopping mall,
residential apartments, corporate offices and 5-star
hotel. The building is designed by a British
architectural firm WS Atkins and the interior of
residential apartments and Malls has been designed by
Turkish firm ODEION.

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