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Objectives
After finishing this unit, the students
are expected to be able define and
explain simile, metaphor, allegory, and
antithesis in a poem
Materials
simile, metaphor, allegory, and
antithesis
A. INTRODUCTION
1. What do you know about figurative
language?
2. Have you ever heard people use
figurative language in daily
conversation? If you ever heard it,
can you give the example?
3. In your opinion, what is the function
of figurative language used in
poetry?
B. DISCUSSION
a) Simile
Simile is a figure of speech in which
two
things are compared using as, as when,
like, than, or other equivalent
constructions. Simile asserts similarity.
Example:
"My love is like a red, red rose" (Robert
Burn).
b) Metaphor
Metaphor is a figure of speech which directly compares
one thing to another. It is used when a writer feels that
two terms are identical instead of merely similar. It
established an analogy between two objects.
Generally, it is formed through the use of some form of
the verb to be.
Example: All the worlds a stage (Shakespeare).
From the example above, the speaker directly
compares all the world to a stage using the verb is.
This kind comparison can be categorized as a
metaphor.
Both metaphor and simile contain two parts. The first
one is the principle or primary term, which is the one
that conveys the literal statement. The second one is
the secondary term, which is used figuratively to add
color to the principle or primary term.
c) Allegory
Allegory is an extended or prolonged metaphor.
We can say that an allegory has two meanings,
the literal meaning and the symbolic one. The
literal meaning is a metaphor for the real meaning
behind it. Using allegory, an author can present
one thing in the guise of something else. A story
which contains of allegory usually contains a
series of actions which are in fact represent other
actions.
Example: Animal Farm by George Orwell
d) Antithesis
Antithesis is a condition where a pair or more of
strongly contrasting ideas or terms are presented
together. It produces an effect of tension caused
by the contradiction of the words
Example:
In doubt to deem himself a God, or Beast;
In doubt his Mind or Body to prefer;
( Alexander Pope )
The words God and Beast, as well as Mind
and Body, which are contradictory to each
other, are presented together to produce a
certain effect caused by the contradiction of the
words.
2. Practice
Identify and explain the metaphor and simile used in the
poems.
Daffodils
by William Wordsworth
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought
For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in
pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
The Adversary
by Phyllis McGinley
A mothers hardest to forgive.
Life is the fruit she longs to
hand you,
Ripe on a plate. And while you
live,
Relentlessly she understands
you.
Daffodils
by William Wordsworth
I wandered lonely as a cloud => simile. He likens
Fluttering +
himself to a lonely cloud
dancing:balance,
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
which means
When all at once I saw a crowd,
harmony and
A host, of golden daffodils;=>metaphor melody that must be
in dancing with
The lines depict the quantity of
music and
movement.
the flowers to that of a crowd of people
Fluttering is a
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
metaphor to
butterflies and
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
young birds when
Continuous as the stars that shine => simile.
likens
theyhe
learn
how to fly
the daffodils to the stars in the sky and twinkle
on the milky way
And twinkle on the milky way, => metaphor He means
the heavens and universe
The Adversary
by Phyllis McGinley